Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /69 of 520

Geometry Difficulty 5.5 AIME, harder Find the answer

17. (NET 1) Inside an equilateral triangle ABCA B C one constructs points PP, QQ and RR such that
QAB=PBA=15,RBC=QCB=20,PCA=RAC=25. \begin{aligned} & \angle Q A B=\angle P B A=15^{\circ}, \\ & \angle R B C=\angle Q C B=20^{\circ}, \\ & \angle P C A=\angle R A C=25^{\circ} . \end{aligned}
Determine the angles of triangle PQRP Q R.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

17. Let K,LK, L, and MM be intersections of CQC Q and BR,ARB R, A R and CPC P, and AQA Q and BPB P, respectively. Let X\angle X denote the angle of the hexagon KQMPLRK Q M P L R at the vertex XX, where XX is one of the six points. By an elementary calculation of angles we get K=140,L=130,M=150,P=100,Q=95,R=105\angle K=140^{\circ}, \angle L=130^{\circ}, \angle M=150^{\circ}, \angle P=100^{\circ}, \angle Q=95^{\circ}, \angle R=105^{\circ}. Since KBC=KCB\angle K B C=\angle K C B, it follows that KK is on the symmetry line of ABCA B C through AA. Analogous statements hold for LL and MM. Let KRK_{R} and KQK_{Q} be points symmetric to KK with respect to ARA R and AQA Q, respectively. Since AKQQ=AKQKR=70\angle A K_{Q} Q=\angle A K_{Q} K_{R}=70^{\circ} and AKRR=AKRKQ=70\angle A K_{R} R=\angle A K_{R} K_{Q}=70^{\circ}, it follows that KR,R,QK_{R}, R, Q, and KQK_{Q} are collinear. Hence QRK=\angle Q R K= 2R1802 \angle R-180^{\circ} and RQK=2Q\angle R Q K=2 \angle Q- 180180^{\circ}. We analogously get PRL=\angle P R L= 2R180,RPL=2P2 \angle R-180^{\circ}, \angle R P L=2 \angle P- 180,QPM=2P180180^{\circ}, \angle Q P M=2 \angle P-180^{\circ} and PQM=2Q180\angle P Q M=2 \angle Q-180^{\circ}. From these formulas we easily get RPQ=\angle R P Q= 60,RQP=7560^{\circ}, \angle R Q P=75^{\circ}, and QRP=\angle Q R P= 4545^{\circ}.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.