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Combinatorics Difficulty 3.3 AMC 10/12 Find the answer

Which of the following conclusions is correct?

A: If events AA and BB are mutually exclusive events, then AA and B\overline{B} are also mutually exclusive events.

B: If events AA and BB are independent events, then A\overline{A} and B\overline{B} are also independent events.

C: If P(A)=0.6P\left(A\right)=0.6, P(B)=0.2P\left(B\right)=0.2, AA and BB are independent events, then P(A+B)=0.8P\left(A+B\right)=0.8.

D: If P(A)=0.8P\left(A\right)=0.8, P(B)=0.7P\left(B\right)=0.7, AA and BB are independent events, then P(AB)=0.24P(A\overline{B})=0.24.

Multiple choice: answer with the letter of the option you want.

Solution

Let's analyze each option step by step:

Option A:
- If events AA and BB are mutually exclusive, it means P(AB)=0P(A \cap B) = 0.
- However, AA and B\overline{B} being mutually exclusive would imply P(AB)=0P(A \cap \overline{B}) = 0. This is not necessarily true. For instance, if AA and BB are complementary, then A=BA = \overline{B}, and they are not mutually exclusive.
- Therefore, option A is incorrect.

Option B:
- Independence between events AA and BB means P(AB)=P(A)P(B)P(A \cap B) = P(A)P(B).
- For A\overline{A} and B\overline{B} to be independent, we need P(AB)=P(A)P(B)P(\overline{A} \cap \overline{B}) = P(\overline{A})P(\overline{B}).
- The independence of AA and BB implies the independence of A\overline{A} and B\overline{B}, as well as AA and B\overline{B}, and A\overline{A} and BB.
- Therefore, option B is correct.

Option C:
- Given AA and BB are independent, P(AB)=P(A)P(B)=0.6×0.2=0.12P(A \cap B) = P(A)P(B) = 0.6 \times 0.2 = 0.12.
- The formula for the probability of AA or BB occurring is P(A+B)=P(A)+P(B)P(AB)=0.6+0.20.12=0.68P(A + B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A \cap B) = 0.6 + 0.2 - 0.12 = 0.68.
- Therefore, option C is incorrect because it states P(A+B)=0.8P(A + B) = 0.8.

Option D:
- For independent events AA and BB, P(AB)=P(A)P(B)P(A\overline{B}) = P(A)P(\overline{B}).
- P(B)=1P(B)=10.7=0.3P(\overline{B}) = 1 - P(B) = 1 - 0.7 = 0.3.
- Thus, P(AB)=0.8×0.3=0.24P(A\overline{B}) = 0.8 \times 0.3 = 0.24.
- Therefore, option D is correct.

In conclusion, the correct options are B and D\boxed{B \text{ and } D}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.