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Geometry Difficulty 6.1 National olympiad Prove it

The incircle of the triangle ABC\mathrm{ABC} touches AC\mathrm{AC} at M\mathrm{M} and BC\mathrm{BC} at N\mathrm{N} and has center O\mathrm{O}. AO\mathrm{AO} meets MN\mathrm{MN} at P\mathrm{P} and BO\mathrm{BO} meets MN\mathrm{MN} at Q\mathrm{Q}. Show that MPOA=BCOQ\mathrm{MP} \cdot \mathrm{OA} = \mathrm{BC} \cdot \mathrm{OQ}.

Solution

The key to getting started is to notice that angle AQB=90\mathrm{AQB}=90^{\circ}.

Angle BAQ=90B/2\mathrm{BAQ}=90^{\circ}-\mathrm{B} / 2, so angle OAQ=90B/2A/2=C/2\mathrm{OAQ}=90^{\circ}-\mathrm{B} / 2-\mathrm{A} / 2=\mathrm{C} / 2. So OQ=AOsinC/2\mathrm{OQ}=\mathrm{AO} \sin \mathrm{C} / 2. Thus we have to show that MP=BCsinC/2\mathrm{MP}=\mathrm{BC} \sin \mathrm{C} / 2.

Let the incircle touch AB\mathrm{AB} at L\mathrm{L} and let Y\mathrm{Y} be the midpoint of ML (also the intersection of ML with AO). Angle NMC =90=90^{\circ} - C/2. It is also A/2 + angle MPY, so angle MPY =90C/2=90-\mathrm{C} / 2- A/2=B/2\mathrm{A} / 2=\mathrm{B} / 2. Hence MP=MY/sinB/2\mathrm{MP}=\mathrm{MY} / \sin \mathrm{B} / 2. We have MY=MOsinMOA=rcosA/2\mathrm{MY}=\mathrm{MO} \sin \mathrm{MOA}=\mathrm{r} \cos \mathrm{A} / 2 (where r\mathrm{r} is the inradius, as usual). So MP=(rcosA/2)/sinB/2\mathrm{MP}=(\mathrm{r} \cos \mathrm{A} / 2) / \sin \mathrm{B} / 2. We have BC=BN+NC=r(cotB/2+\mathrm{BC}=\mathrm{BN}+\mathrm{NC}=\mathrm{r}(\cot \mathrm{B} / 2+ cotC/2)\cot \mathrm{C} / 2), so MP/BC=(cosA/2)/(sinB/2(cotB/2+cotC/2))\mathrm{MP} / \mathrm{BC}=(\cos \mathrm{A} / 2) /(\sin \mathrm{B} / 2(\cot \mathrm{B} / 2+\cot \mathrm{C} / 2)). Hence MP/(BCsinC/2)=(\mathrm{MP} /(\mathrm{BC} \sin \mathrm{C} / 2)=( cosA/2)/(cosB/2sinC/2+sinB/2cosC/2)=cosA/2/sin(B/2+C/2)=1\cos \mathrm{A} / 2) /(\cos \mathrm{B} / 2 \sin \mathrm{C} / 2+\sin \mathrm{B} / 2 \cos \mathrm{C} / 2)=\cos \mathrm{A} / 2 / \sin (\mathrm{B} / 2+\mathrm{C} / 2)=1.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.