Equilateral △ABC has side length 111. There are four distinct triangles AD1E1, AD1E2, AD2E3, and AD2E4, each congruent to △ABC, with BD1=BD2=11. Find ∑k=14(CEk)2.
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Solution
Note that there are only two possible locations for points D1 and D2, as they are both 111 from point A and 11 from point B, so they are the two points where a circle centered at A with radius 111 and a circle centered at B with radius 11 intersect. Let D1 be the point on the opposite side of AB from C, and D2 the point on the same side of AB as C. Let θ be the measure of angle BAD1 (also the measure of angle BAD2); by the Law of Cosines, 11211=1112+1112−2⋅111⋅111⋅cosθ=222(1−cosθ) There are two equilateral triangles with AD1 as a side; let E1 be the third vertex that is farthest from C, and E2 be the third vertex that is nearest to C. Angle E1AC=E1AD1+D1AB+BAC=60+θ+60=120+θ; by the Law of Cosines, (E1C)2=(E1A)2+(AC)2−2(E1A)(AC)cos(120+θ)=111+111−222cos(120+θ) Angle E2AC=θ; by the Law of Cosines, (E2C)2=(E2A)2+(AC)2−2(E2A)(AC)cosθ=111+111−222cosθ There are two equilateral triangles with AD2 as a side; let E3 be the third vertex that is farthest from C, and E4 be the third vertex that is nearest to C. Angle E3AC=E3AB+BAC=(60−θ)+60=120−θ; by the Law of Cosines, (E3C)2=(E3A)2+(AC)2−2(E3A)(AC)cos(120−θ)=111+111−222cos(120−θ) Angle E4AC=θ; by the Law of Cosines, (E4C)2=(E4A)2+(AC)2−2(E4A)(AC)cosθ=111+111−222cosθ The solution is: k=1∑4(CEk)2=(E1C)2+(E3C)2+(E2C)2+(E4C)2=222(1−cos(120+θ))+222(1−cos(120−θ))+222(1−cosθ)+222(1−cosθ)=222((1−(cos120cosθ−sin120sinθ))+(1−(cos120cosθ+sin120sinθ))+2(1−cosθ))=222(1−cos120cosθ+sin120sinθ+1−cos120cosθ−sin120sinθ+2−2cosθ)=222(1+21cosθ+1+21cosθ+2−2cosθ)=222(4−cosθ)=666+222(1−cosθ) Substituting 11 for 222(1−cosθ) gives the solution 666+11=\framebox677.
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