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Geometry Difficulty 4.3 AIME Find the answer

Equilateral ABC\triangle ABC has side length 111\sqrt{111}. There are four distinct triangles AD1E1AD_1E_1, AD1E2AD_1E_2, AD2E3AD_2E_3, and AD2E4AD_2E_4, each congruent to ABC\triangle ABC,
with BD1=BD2=11BD_1 = BD_2 = \sqrt{11}. Find k=14(CEk)2\sum_{k=1}^4(CE_k)^2.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Note that there are only two possible locations for points D1D_1 and D2D_2, as they are both 111\sqrt{111} from point AA and 11\sqrt{11} from point BB, so they are the two points where a circle centered at AA with radius 111\sqrt{111} and a circle centered at BB with radius 11\sqrt{11} intersect. Let D1D_1 be the point on the opposite side of AB\overline{AB} from CC, and D2D_2 the point on the same side of AB\overline{AB} as CC.
Let θ\theta be the measure of angle BAD1BAD_1 (also the measure of angle BAD2BAD_2); by the Law of Cosines,
112=1112+11122111111cosθ11=222(1cosθ)\begin{align*}\sqrt{11}^2 &= \sqrt{111}^2 + \sqrt{111}^2 - 2 \cdot \sqrt{111} \cdot \sqrt{111} \cdot \cos\theta\\ 11 &= 222(1 - \cos\theta)\end{align*}
There are two equilateral triangles with AD1\overline{AD_1} as a side; let E1E_1 be the third vertex that is farthest from CC, and E2E_2 be the third vertex that is nearest to CC.
Angle E1AC=E1AD1+D1AB+BAC=60+θ+60=120+θE_1AC = E_1AD_1 + D_1AB + BAC = 60 + \theta + 60 = 120 + \theta; by the Law of Cosines,
(E1C)2=(E1A)2+(AC)22(E1A)(AC)cos(120+θ)=111+111222cos(120+θ)\begin{align*}(E_1C)^2 &= (E_1A)^2 + (AC)^2 - 2 (E_1A) (AC)\cos(120 + \theta)\\ &= 111 + 111 - 222\cos(120 + \theta)\end{align*}
Angle E2AC=θE_2AC = \theta; by the Law of Cosines,
(E2C)2=(E2A)2+(AC)22(E2A)(AC)cosθ=111+111222cosθ\begin{align*}(E_2C)^2 &= (E_2A)^2 + (AC)^2 - 2 (E_2A) (AC)\cos\theta\\ &= 111 + 111 - 222\,\cos\theta\end{align*}
There are two equilateral triangles with AD2\overline{AD_2} as a side; let E3E_3 be the third vertex that is farthest from CC, and E4E_4 be the third vertex that is nearest to CC.
Angle E3AC=E3AB+BAC=(60θ)+60=120θE_3AC = E_3AB + BAC = (60 - \theta) + 60 = 120 - \theta; by the Law of Cosines,
(E3C)2=(E3A)2+(AC)22(E3A)(AC)cos(120θ)=111+111222cos(120θ)\begin{align*}(E_3C)^2 &= (E_3A)^2 + (AC)^2 - 2 (E_3A) (AC)\cos(120 - \theta)\\ &= 111 + 111 - 222\cos(120 - \theta)\end{align*}
Angle E4AC=θE_4AC = \theta; by the Law of Cosines,
(E4C)2=(E4A)2+(AC)22(E4A)(AC)cosθ=111+111222cosθ\begin{align*}(E_4C)^2 &= (E_4A)^2 + (AC)^2 - 2 (E_4A) (AC)\cos\theta \\ &= 111 + 111 - 222\cos\theta\end{align*}
The solution is:
k=14(CEk)2=(E1C)2+(E3C)2+(E2C)2+(E4C)2=222(1cos(120+θ))+222(1cos(120θ))+222(1cosθ)+222(1cosθ)=222((1(cos120cosθsin120sinθ))+(1(cos120cosθ+sin120sinθ))+2(1cosθ))=222(1cos120cosθ+sin120sinθ+1cos120cosθsin120sinθ+22cosθ)=222(1+12cosθ+1+12cosθ+22cosθ)=222(4cosθ)=666+222(1cosθ)\begin{align*} \sum_{k=1}^4(CE_k)^2 &= (E_1C)^2 + (E_3C)^2 + (E_2C)^2 + (E_4C)^2\\ &= 222(1 - \cos(120 + \theta)) + 222(1 - \cos(120 - \theta)) + 222(1 - \cos\theta) + 222(1 - \cos\theta)\\ &= 222((1 - (\cos120\cos\theta - \sin120\sin\theta)) + (1 - (\cos120\cos\theta + \sin120\sin\theta)) + 2(1 -\cos\theta))\\ &= 222(1 - \cos120\cos\theta + \sin120\sin\theta + 1 - \cos120\cos\theta - \sin120\sin\theta + 2 - 2\cos\theta)\\ &= 222(1 + \frac{1}{2}\cos\theta + 1 + \frac{1}{2}\cos\theta + 2 - 2\cos\theta)\\ &= 222(4 - \cos\theta)\\ &= 666 + 222(1 - \cos\theta) \end{align*}
Substituting 1111 for 222(1cosθ)222(1 - \cos\theta) gives the solution 666+11=\framebox677.666 + 11 = \framebox{677}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.