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Algebra Difficulty 7.2 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

\square Example 7 Let x,y,zR+x, y, z \in \mathbf{R}^{+}, and x+y+z=1x+y+z=1, prove that: xyxy+yz+\frac{x y}{\sqrt{x y+y z}}+ yzyz+xz+xzxz+xy22.(2006\frac{y z}{\sqrt{y z+x z}}+\frac{x z}{\sqrt{x z+x y}} \leqslant \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} .(2006 China National Training Team Exam Question)

Solution

Prove that since x+y2+y+z2+z+x2=1\frac{x+y}{2}+\frac{y+z}{2}+\frac{z+x}{2}=1, by the generalized Jensen's inequality we have
cycxyxy+yz=cycx2yx+z=cycx+y24x2y(x+y)2(x+z)cyc2x2y(x+y)(x+z).\begin{array}{l} \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} \frac{x y}{\sqrt{x y+y z}}=\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} \sqrt{\frac{x^{2} y}{x+z}}=\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} \frac{x+y}{2} \sqrt{\frac{4 x^{2} y}{(x+y)^{2}(x+z)}} \\ \leqslant \sqrt{\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} \frac{2 x^{2} y}{(x+y)(x+z)}} . \end{array}

It suffices to prove that cyc2x2y(x+y)(x+z)12\sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} \frac{2 x^{2} y}{(x+y)(x+z)} \leqslant \frac{1}{2}.
cyc2x2y(x+y)(x+z)12cyc2x2y(x+y)(x+z)12(x+y+z)4cycx2y(y+z)(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)(x+y+z)4(x2y2+y2z2+z2x2)+4xyz(x+y+z)[x(y3+z3)+y(z3+x3)+z(x3+y3)]+2(x2y2+y2z2+z2x2)+4xyz(x+y+z)2(x2y2+y2z2+z2x2)x(y3+z3)+y(z3+x3)+z(x3+y3)=(x3y+xy3)+(y3z+yz3)+(x3z+xz3).\begin{aligned} & \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} \frac{2 x^{2} y}{(x+y)(x+z)} \leqslant \frac{1}{2} \\ \Leftrightarrow & \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} \frac{2 x^{2} y}{(x+y)(x+z)} \leqslant \frac{1}{2}(x+y+z) \\ \Leftrightarrow & 4 \sum_{\mathrm{cyc}} x^{2} y(y+z) \leqslant(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)(x+y+z) \\ \Leftrightarrow & 4\left(x^{2} y^{2}+y^{2} z^{2}+z^{2} x^{2}\right)+4 x y z(x+y+z) \leqslant\left[x\left(y^{3}+z^{3}\right)+\right. \\ & \left.y\left(z^{3}+x^{3}\right)+z\left(x^{3}+y^{3}\right)\right]+2\left(x^{2} y^{2}+y^{2} z^{2}+z^{2} x^{2}\right)+4 x y z(x \\ & +y+z) \\ \Leftrightarrow & 2\left(x^{2} y^{2}+y^{2} z^{2}+z^{2} x^{2}\right) \leqslant x\left(y^{3}+z^{3}\right)+y\left(z^{3}+x^{3}\right)+z\left(x^{3}+\right. \\ & \left.y^{3}\right)=\left(x^{3} y+x y^{3}\right)+\left(y^{3} z+y z^{3}\right)+\left(x^{3} z+x z^{3}\right) . \end{aligned}

By the AM-GM inequality, we have
x3y+xy32x2y2,y3z+yz32y2z2,x3z+xz32z2x2,x^{3} y+x y^{3} \geqslant 2 x^{2} y^{2}, y^{3} z+y z^{3} \geqslant 2 y^{2} z^{2}, x^{3} z+x z^{3} \geqslant 2 z^{2} x^{2},

Thus, the inequality is clearly true, and the original inequality is proved.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.