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Algebra Difficulty 6.4 National olympiad Prove it

BLR Let a,b,ca, b, c be positive real numbers such that ab+bc+ca3abca b+b c+c a \leq 3 a b c. Prove that a2+b2a+b+b2+c2b+c+c2+a2c+a+32(a+b+b+c+c+a). \sqrt{\frac{a^{2}+b^{2}}{a+b}}+\sqrt{\frac{b^{2}+c^{2}}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{c^{2}+a^{2}}{c+a}}+3 \leq \sqrt{2}(\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}) .

Solution

Starting with the terms of the right-hand side, the quadratic-arithmetic-mean inequality yields
2a+b=2aba+b12(2+a2+b2ab)2aba+b12(2+a2+b2ab)=2aba+b+a2+b2a+b \begin{aligned} \sqrt{2} \sqrt{a+b} & =2 \sqrt{\frac{a b}{a+b}} \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(2+\frac{a^{2}+b^{2}}{a b}\right)} \\ & \geq 2 \sqrt{\frac{a b}{a+b}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{\frac{a^{2}+b^{2}}{a b}}\right)=\sqrt{\frac{2 a b}{a+b}}+\sqrt{\frac{a^{2}+b^{2}}{a+b}} \end{aligned}
and, analogously,
2b+c2bcb+c+b2+c2b+c,2c+a2cac+a+c2+a2c+a. \sqrt{2} \sqrt{b+c} \geq \sqrt{\frac{2 b c}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b^{2}+c^{2}}{b+c}}, \quad \sqrt{2} \sqrt{c+a} \geq \sqrt{\frac{2 c a}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c^{2}+a^{2}}{c+a}} .
Applying the inequality between the arithmetic mean and the squared harmonic mean will finish the proof:
2aba+b+2bcb+c+2cac+a33a+b2ab2+b+c2bc2+c+a2ca2=33abcab+bc+ca3. \sqrt{\frac{2 a b}{a+b}}+\sqrt{\frac{2 b c}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{2 c a}{c+a}} \geq 3 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{3}{\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{2 a b}}^{2}+\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{2 b c}}^{2}+\sqrt{\frac{c+a}{2 c a}}}}{ }^{2}=3 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{3 a b c}{a b+b c+c a}} \geq 3 .

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.