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Geometry Difficulty 6.7 National olympiad Prove it

Let ABCA B C be a triangle with A<90A<90^{\circ}. Outside of a triangle we consider isosceles triangles ABEA B E and ACZA C Z with bases ABA B and ACA C, respectively. If the midpoint DD of the side BCB C is such that DEDZD E \perp D Z and EZ=2EDE Z=2 \cdot E D, prove that AEB^=2AZC^\widehat{A E B}=2 \cdot \widehat{A Z C}.

Solution

Since DD is the midpoint of the side BCB C, in the extension of the line segment ZDZ D we take a point HH such that ZD=DHZ D=D H. Then the quadrilateral BHCZB H C Z is a parallelogram and therefore we have

BH=ZC=ZA B H=Z C=Z A

!

Also from the isosceles triangle ABEA B E we get

BE=AE B E=A E

Since DEDZ,EDD E \perp D Z, E D is the altitude and median of the triangle EZHE Z H and so this triangle is isosceles with

EH=EZ E H=E Z

From (1), (2) and (3) we conclude that the triangles BEHB E H and AEZA E Z are equal. Therefore they have also

BEH^=AEZ^,EBH^=EAZ^ and EHB^=AZE^ \widehat{B E H}=\widehat{A E Z}, \widehat{E B H}=\widehat{E A Z} \text { and } \widehat{E H B}=\widehat{A Z E}

Putting EBA^=EAB^=ω,ZAC^=ZCA^=φ\widehat{E B A}=\widehat{E A B}=\omega, \widehat{Z A C}=\widehat{Z C A}=\varphi, then we have CBH^=BCZ^=C^+φ\widehat{C B H}=\widehat{B C Z}=\widehat{C}+\varphi, and therefore from the equality EBH^=EAZ^\widehat{E B H}=\widehat{E A Z} we receive:

360EBA^B^CBH^=EAB^+A^+ZAC^360B^ωφC^=ω+A^+φ2(ω+φ)=360(A^+B^+C^)ω+φ=90180AEB^2+180AZC^2=90AEB^+AZC^=180 \begin{gathered} 360^{\circ}-\widehat{E B A}-\widehat{B}-\widehat{C B H}=\widehat{E A B}+\widehat{A}+\widehat{Z A C} \\ \Rightarrow 360^{\circ}-\widehat{B}-\omega-\varphi-\widehat{C}=\omega+\widehat{A}+\varphi \\ \Rightarrow 2(\omega+\varphi)=360^{\circ}-(\widehat{A}+\widehat{B}+\widehat{C}) \\ \Rightarrow \omega+\varphi=90^{\circ} \\ \Rightarrow \frac{180^{\circ}-\widehat{A E B}}{2}+\frac{180^{\circ}-\widehat{A Z C}}{2}=90^{\circ} \\ \Rightarrow \widehat{A E B}+\widehat{A Z C}=180^{\circ} \end{gathered}

From the supposition EZ=2EDE Z=2 \cdot E D, we get that the right triangle ZEHZ E H has EZD^=30\widehat{E Z D}=30^{\circ} and ZED^=60\widehat{Z E D}=60^{\circ}. Thus we have ZEH^=120\widehat{Z E H}=120^{\circ}.

However, since we have proved that BEH^=AEZ^\widehat{B E H}=\widehat{A E Z}, we get that

AEB^=AEZ^+ZEB^=ZEB^+BEH^=ZEH^=120 \widehat{A E B}=\widehat{A E Z}+\widehat{Z E B}=\widehat{Z E B}+\widehat{B E H}=\widehat{Z E H}=120^{\circ}

From (5) and (6) we obtain that AZC^=60\widehat{A Z C}=60^{\circ} and thus AEB^=2AZC^\widehat{A E B}=2 \cdot \widehat{A Z C}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.