1. Define the sequences: Let (xn)n>0 and (yn)n>0 be sequences defined by xn=nan and yn=nbn for all n≥1. We aim to show that x1010=y1009.
2. Transform the recurrence relations:
- For (an), the recurrence relation is an+1=n2018an+an−1.
- For (bn), the recurrence relation is bn+1=n2020bn+bn−1.
3. Express the generating functions:
- Let T(x)=∑n=1∞xnxn.
- From the recurrence relation for an, we have:
T′(x)−1=2018T(x)+x2T′(x).
- Rearrange and solve for T(x):
T′(x)−1=2018T(x)+x2T′(x)⟹T′(x)(1−x2)=2018T(x)+1.
- Let P(x)=T(x)+20181, then:
2018P(x)=P′(x)(1−x2).
4. Solve the differential equation:
- Similarly, for Q(x)=∑n=1∞ynxn+20201, we get:
2020Q(x)=Q′(x)(1−x2).
- Let R(x) be the solution to R(x)=R′(x)(1−x2) with R(0)=1.
5. **Find the general solution for R(x)**:
- Solve the differential equation:
R(x)R′(x)=1−x21⟹∫R(x)R′(x)dx=21∫(1+x1+1−x1)dx.
- Integrate both sides:
log(R(x))=21(log(1+x)−log(1−x))+c1⟹R(x)=c2(1+x)1/2(1−x)−1/2.
- Given R(0)=1, we find c2=1, so:
R(x)=(1+x)1/2(1−x)−1/2.
6. **Express P(x) and Q(x)**:
- We have:
P(x)=2018R(x)2018,Q(x)=2020R(x)2020.
7. Find the coefficients:
- For x1010:
x1010=[x1010]P(x)=20181[x1010]((1+x)1009(1−x)−1009).
- For y1009:
y1009=[x1009]Q(x)=20201[x1009]((1+x)1010(1−x)−1010).
8. Evaluate the coefficients:
- Using the binomial series expansion:
(1+x)1009(1−x)−1009=k=0∑1009(k1009)xkk=0∑∞(1008k+1008)xk.
- Similarly for y1009:
(1+x)1010(1−x)−1010=k=0∑1010(k1010)xkk=0∑∞(1009k+1009)xk.
9. Compare the sums:
- We find:
x1010=k=0∑10092⋅k!⋅(1009−k)!⋅(1010−k)!(2018−k)!,
y1009=k=0∑10092⋅k!⋅(1010−k)!⋅(1009−k)!(2018−k)!.
- Therefore, x1010=y1009.
The final answer is 1010a1010=1009b1009