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Algebra Difficulty 7.2 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

For example, 8.28.2 given a,b,c>0a, b, c>0 and a+b+c=abca+b+c=abc, prove that
(1+a2)(1+b2)(1+a2)(1+b2)(1+c2)4\sum \sqrt{\left(1+a^{2}\right)\left(1+b^{2}\right)}-\sqrt{\left(1+a^{2}\right)\left(1+b^{2}\right)\left(1+c^{2}\right)} \geqslant 4

Solution

Given the conditions, we can let a=cotA2,b=cotB2,c=cotC2a=\cot \frac{A}{2}, b=\cot \frac{B}{2}, c=\cot \frac{C}{2} and satisfy A+B+C=πA+B+C=\pi. Using the following two identities:
1+cot2x=csc2xsinA2+sinB2+sinC2=4sinA+B4sinB+C4sinC+A4+1\begin{array}{c} 1+\cot ^{2} x=\csc ^{2} x \\ \sin \frac{A}{2}+\sin \frac{B}{2}+\sin \frac{C}{2}=4 \sin \frac{A+B}{4} \sin \frac{B+C}{4} \sin \frac{C+A}{4}+1 \end{array}

The inequality can be simplified to:
cscA2cscB2+cscB2cscC2+cscC2cscA24+cscA2cscB2cscC2sinA2+sinB2+sinC24sinA2sinB2sinC2+1sinA+B2sinB+C4sinC+A4sinA2sinB2sinC2\begin{array}{l} \csc \frac{A}{2} \csc \frac{B}{2}+\csc \frac{B}{2} \csc \frac{C}{2}+\csc \frac{C}{2} \csc \frac{A}{2} \geqslant 4+\csc \frac{A}{2} \csc \frac{B}{2} \csc \frac{C}{2} \Leftrightarrow \\ \sin \frac{A}{2}+\sin \frac{B}{2}+\sin \frac{C}{2} \geqslant 4 \sin \frac{A}{2} \sin \frac{B}{2} \sin \frac{C}{2}+1 \Leftrightarrow \\ \sin \frac{A+B}{2} \sin \frac{B+C}{4} \sin \frac{C+A}{4} \geqslant \sin \frac{A}{2} \sin \frac{B}{2} \sin \frac{C}{2} \end{array}

Using the AM - GM inequality, we have:
sinA+B4=sinA4cosB4+cosA4sinB44sinA4cosA4sinB4cosB4=sinA2sinB2\begin{array}{l} \sin \frac{A+B}{4}=\sin \frac{A}{4} \cos \frac{B}{4}+\cos \frac{A}{4} \sin \frac{B}{4} \geqslant \\ \sqrt{4 \sin \frac{A}{4} \cos \frac{A}{4} \sin \frac{B}{4} \cos \frac{B}{4}}=\sqrt{\sin \frac{A}{2} \sin \frac{B}{2}} \end{array}

Similarly, we can obtain:
sinB+C4sinB2sinC2sinC+A4sinC2sinA2\begin{array}{l} \sin \frac{B+C}{4} \geqslant \sqrt{\sin \frac{B}{2} \sin \frac{C}{2}} \\ \sin \frac{C+A}{4} \geqslant \sqrt{\sin \frac{C}{2} \sin \frac{A}{2}} \end{array}

Multiplying the above three inequalities will yield the desired inequality. Familiarity with the relationships between trigonometric functions is also essential.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.