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Geometry Difficulty 4.6 AIME Prove it

In triangle ABCABC, where AA, BB, and CC are the angles opposite the sides of lengths aa, bb, and cc respectively, it is given that a(cosB+cosC)=b+ca(\cos B + \cos C) = b + c.

(1) Prove that A=90\angle A = 90^\circ;

(2) If the radius of the circumcircle of ABC\triangle ABC is 1, find the range of the perimeter of ABC\triangle ABC.

Solution

(1) To prove: A=90\angle A = 90^\circ.

Starting with the given equation,

a(cosB+cosC)=b+c, a(\cos B + \cos C) = b + c,

and applying the cosine rule, we get

a(a2+c2b22ac+a2+b2c22ab)=b+c. a \left( \frac{a^2 + c^2 - b^2}{2ac} + \frac{a^2 + b^2 - c^2}{2ab} \right) = b + c.

After simplification, this leads to:

(b+c)(a2b2c2)=0. (b + c)(a^2 - b^2 - c^2) = 0.

Since b+c>0b + c > 0, it implies that

a2=b2+c2. a^2 = b^2 + c^2.

Therefore, by the converse of the Pythagorean theorem, we have A=90\angle A = 90^\circ.

A=90\boxed{ \angle A = 90^\circ }

(2) Given that the radius of the circumcircle of ABC\triangle ABC is 1 and A=90\angle A = 90^\circ, according to the definition of the sine function for a right triangle inscribed in a circle with radius 1, we get a=2a = 2, because the hypotenuse corresponds to the diameter of the circumcircle.

Now we find b+cb + c as follows:

b+c=2(sinB+cosB)=2sin(B+45). b + c = 2(\sin B + \cos B) = 2\sin(B + 45^\circ).

Since 0<B<900 < B < 90^\circ, it follows that 45<B+45<13545^\circ < B + 45^\circ < 135^\circ. Therefore, sin(B+45)\sin(B + 45^\circ) increases on this interval, which gives us
2<b+c22. 2 < b + c \leq 2\sqrt{2}.

Adding a=2a = 2 into the inequality, the range for the perimeter p=a+b+cp = a + b + c is

4<p=a+b+c2+22. 4 < p = a + b + c \leq 2 + 2\sqrt{2}.

Thus, the range for the perimeter of ABC\triangle ABC is (4,2+22](4, 2 + 2\sqrt{2}].

Perimeter range of ABC is (4,2+22]\boxed{ \text{Perimeter range of } \triangle ABC \text{ is } (4, 2 + 2\sqrt{2}] }

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.