4. A semicircle is inscribed in triangle ABC such that its diameter lies on side BC, and the arc touches sides AB and AC at points C1 and B1, respectively. Prove that
C1BAC1⋅HCBH⋅B1ACB1=1
where H is the foot of the altitude dropped from point A to side BC.
Comment. By Ceva's theorem, the equality C1BAC1⋅HCBH⋅B1ACB1=1 is equivalent to the statement: segments BB1, CC1, and AH intersect at one point.
Solution
# Solution.
!
Let MN be the diameter of the given semicircle. First, note that the quadrilateral C1AB1O is cyclic, since the sum of its opposite angles is 180∘. Let Ω be the circle circumscribed around the quadrilateral C1AB1O, obviously, AO is its diameter. Since the segment AO is seen at a right angle from points B1 and H, the points A,B1,H, and O lie on the same circle, namely on the same circle Ω. We introduce the following notations: AC1=AB1=t,BC1=x,BM=b,OH=h, NC=c,CB1=y, and R is the radius of the semicircle with diameter MN. Since the semicircle with diameter MN is inscribed in the angle BAC, AO is the angle bisector of this angle. By the angle bisector theorem of a triangle, we get:
y+tx+t=c+Rb+R
Next, consider the circle Ω and the pairs of secants CA,CO and BA,BH drawn from points C and B respectively. By the property of secants drawn from the same point, we have: y(y+t)=(c+R−h)(c+R) and x(x+t)=(b+R)(b+R+h), from which c+R−h=c+Ry(y+t) and b+R+h=b+Rx(x+t).
Thus,
C1BAC1⋅HCBH⋅B1ACB1=xt⋅c+R−hb+R+h⋅ty=xy⋅c+R−hb+R+h=xy⋅b+Rx(x+t)⋅y(y+t)c+R==y+tx+t⋅b+Rc+R=∣ by equality (1)=y+tx+t⋅x+ty+t=1
Comment. It is proven that the points H,O,C1,A, and B1 lie on the same circle - 3 points.
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