Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /419 of 520

Geometry Difficulty 6.0 National olympiad Prove it

4. A semicircle is inscribed in triangle ABCABC such that its diameter lies on side BCBC, and the arc touches sides ABAB and ACAC at points C1C_{1} and B1B_{1}, respectively. Prove that

AC1C1BBHHCCB1B1A=1 \frac{A C_{1}}{C_{1} B} \cdot \frac{B H}{H C} \cdot \frac{C B_{1}}{B_{1} A}=1

where HH is the foot of the altitude dropped from point AA to side BCBC.

Comment. By Ceva's theorem, the equality AC1C1BBHHCCB1B1A=1\frac{A C_{1}}{C_{1} B} \cdot \frac{B H}{H C} \cdot \frac{C B_{1}}{B_{1} A}=1 is equivalent to the statement: segments BB1B B_{1}, CC1C C_{1}, and AHA H intersect at one point.

Solution

# Solution.

!

Let MNMN be the diameter of the given semicircle. First, note that the quadrilateral C1AB1OC_1AB_1O is cyclic, since the sum of its opposite angles is 180180^\circ. Let Ω\Omega be the circle circumscribed around the quadrilateral C1AB1OC_1AB_1O, obviously, AOAO is its diameter. Since the segment AOAO is seen at a right angle from points B1B_1 and HH, the points A,B1,HA, B_1, H, and OO lie on the same circle, namely on the same circle Ω\Omega. We introduce the following notations: AC1=AB1=t,BC1=x,BM=b,OH=hAC_1 = AB_1 = t, BC_1 = x, BM = b, OH = h, NC=c,CB1=yNC = c, CB_1 = y, and RR is the radius of the semicircle with diameter MNMN. Since the semicircle with diameter MNMN is inscribed in the angle BACBAC, AOAO is the angle bisector of this angle. By the angle bisector theorem of a triangle, we get:

x+ty+t=b+Rc+R \frac{x+t}{y+t}=\frac{b+R}{c+R}

Next, consider the circle Ω\Omega and the pairs of secants CA,COCA, CO and BA,BHBA, BH drawn from points CC and BB respectively. By the property of secants drawn from the same point, we have: y(y+t)=(c+Rh)(c+R)y(y+t)=(c+R-h)(c+R) and x(x+t)=(b+R)(b+R+h)x(x+t)=(b+R)(b+R+h), from which c+Rh=y(y+t)c+Rc+R-h=\frac{y(y+t)}{c+R} and b+R+h=x(x+t)b+Rb+R+h=\frac{x(x+t)}{b+R}.

Thus,

AC1C1BBHHCCB1B1A=txb+R+hc+Rhyt=yxb+R+hc+Rh=yxx(x+t)b+Rc+Ry(y+t)==x+ty+tc+Rb+R= by equality (1)=x+ty+ty+tx+t=1 \begin{gathered} \frac{AC_1}{C_1B} \cdot \frac{BH}{HC} \cdot \frac{CB_1}{B_1A}=\frac{t}{x} \cdot \frac{b+R+h}{c+R-h} \cdot \frac{y}{t}=\frac{y}{x} \cdot \frac{b+R+h}{c+R-h}=\frac{y}{x} \cdot \frac{x(x+t)}{b+R} \cdot \frac{c+R}{y(y+t)}= \\ =\frac{x+t}{y+t} \cdot \frac{c+R}{b+R}=\mid \text{ by equality }(1) \left\lvert\,=\frac{x+t}{y+t} \cdot \frac{y+t}{x+t}=1\right. \end{gathered}

Comment. It is proven that the points H,O,C1,AH, O, C_1, A, and B1B_1 lie on the same circle - 3 points.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.