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Geometry Difficulty 6.2 National olympiad Prove it

Two lines on a plane intersect at an angle α\alpha. A flea is sitting on one of them. Every second, it jumps from one line to the other (the intersection point is considered to belong to both lines). It is known that the length of each of its jumps is 1 and that it never returns to the place it was a second ago. After some time, the flea returns to its original point. Prove that the angle α\alpha is measured by a rational number of degrees.

Solution

For each jump vector, there are exactly two positions of the flea for which the jump is defined by this vector. Therefore, the sequence of jumps is periodic if and only if there is only a finite number of different jump vectors. Let a1\vec{a}_{1} be the jump vector of the flea from line l2l_{2} to line l1;a2,a3,a4,l_{1}; \vec{a}_{2}, \vec{a}_{3}, \vec{a}_{4}, \ldots be the vectors of subsequent jumps. Then a2=Sl2(a1),a3=Sl1(a2),a4=Sl2(a3),\vec{a}_{2}=S_{\mathrm{l}_{2}}\left(\vec{a}_{1}\right), \vec{a}_{3}=S_{\mathrm{l}_{1}}\left(\vec{a}_{2}\right), \vec{a}_{4}=S_{\mathrm{l}_{2}}\left(\vec{a}_{3}\right), \ldots Since the composition Sl1Ol2S_{\mathrm{l}_{1}} \mathrm{O}_{\mathrm{l}_{2}} is a rotation by an angle 2α2 \alpha (or by an angle 2π2α2 \pi-2 \alpha), the vectors a3,a5,a7,\vec{a}_{3}, \vec{a}_{5}, \vec{a}_{7}, \ldots are obtained from the vector a1\vec{a}_{1} by rotations of 2α,4α,6α,2 \alpha, 4 \alpha, 6 \alpha, \ldots (or by 2(πα),4(πα),6(πα),2(\pi-\alpha), 4(\pi-\alpha), 6(\pi-\alpha), \ldots). Therefore, the set a1,a3,a5,\vec{a}_{1}, \vec{a}_{3}, \vec{a}_{5}, \ldots contains a finite number of different vectors if and only if α/π\alpha / \pi is a rational number. The set a2,a4,a6\vec{a}_{2}, \vec{a}_{4}, \vec{a}_{6},

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.