Two lines on a plane intersect at an angle . A flea is sitting on one of them. Every second, it jumps from one line to the other (the intersection point is considered to belong to both lines). It is known that the length of each of its jumps is 1 and that it never returns to the place it was a second ago. After some time, the flea returns to its original point. Prove that the angle is measured by a rational number of degrees.
Solution
For each jump vector, there are exactly two positions of the flea for which the jump is defined by this vector. Therefore, the sequence of jumps is periodic if and only if there is only a finite number of different jump vectors. Let be the jump vector of the flea from line to line be the vectors of subsequent jumps. Then Since the composition is a rotation by an angle (or by an angle ), the vectors are obtained from the vector by rotations of (or by ). Therefore, the set contains a finite number of different vectors if and only if is a rational number. The set ,
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