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Geometry Difficulty 7.1 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

27. G8 (RUS) IMOA1A2A3{ }^{\mathrm{IMO}} A_{1} A_{2} A_{3} is an acute-angled triangle. The foot of the altitude from AiA_{i} is KiK_{i}, and the incircle touches the side opposite AiA_{i} at LiL_{i}. The line K1K2K_{1} K_{2} is reflected in the line L1L2L_{1} L_{2}. Similarly, the line K2K3K_{2} K_{3} is reflected in L2L3L_{2} L_{3}, and K3K1K_{3} K_{1} is reflected in L3L1L_{3} L_{1}. Show that the three new lines form a triangle with vertices on the incircle.

Solution

27. Denote by α1,α2,α3\alpha_{1}, \alpha_{2}, \alpha_{3} the angles of A1A2A3\triangle A_{1} A_{2} A_{3} at vertices A1,A2,A3A_{1}, A_{2}, A_{3} respectively. Let T1,T2,T3T_{1}, T_{2}, T_{3} be the points symmetric to L1,L2,L3L_{1}, L_{2}, L_{3} with respect to A1I,A2IA_{1} I, A_{2} I, and A3IA_{3} I respectively. We claim that T1T2T3T_{1} T_{2} T_{3} is the desired triangle. Denote by S1S_{1} and R1R_{1} the points symmetric to K1K_{1} and K3K_{3} with respect to L1L3L_{1} L_{3}. It is enough to show that T1T_{1} and T3T_{3} lie on the line R1S1R_{1} S_{1}. To prove this, we shall prove that K1S1T1=KK1S1\angle K_{1} S_{1} T_{1}=\angle K^{\prime} K_{1} S_{1} for a point KK^{\prime} on the line K1K3K_{1} K_{3} such that K3K_{3} and KK^{\prime} lie on different sides of K1K_{1}. We show first that S1A1IS_{1} \in A_{1} I. Let XX be the point of intersection of lines A1IA_{1} I and L1L3L_{1} L_{3}. We see from the triangle A1L3XA_{1} L_{3} X that L1XI=α3/2=L1A3I\angle L_{1} X I = \alpha_{3} / 2 = \angle L_{1} A_{3} I, which implies that L1XA3IL_{1} X A_{3} I is cyclic. We now have A1XA3=90=A1K1A3\angle A_{1} X A_{3} = 90^{\circ} = \angle A_{1} K_{1} A_{3}; hence A1K1XA3A_{1} K_{1} X A_{3} is also cyclic. It follows that K1XI=K1A3A1=α3=2L1XI\angle K_{1} X I = \angle K_{1} A_{3} A_{1} = \alpha_{3} = 2 \angle L_{1} X I; hence X1L1X_{1} L_{1} bisects the angle K1X1IK_{1} X_{1} I. Hence S1XIS_{1} \in X I as claimed. Now we have K1S1T1=K1S1L1+2L1S1X=S1K1L1+2L1K1X\angle K_{1} S_{1} T_{1} = \angle K_{1} S_{1} L_{1} + 2 \angle L_{1} S_{1} X = \angle S_{1} K_{1} L_{1} + 2 \angle L_{1} K_{1} X. It remains to prove that K1XK_{1} X bisects A3K1K\angle A_{3} K_{1} K^{\prime}. From the cyclic quadrilateral A1K1XA3A_{1} K_{1} X A_{3} we see that XK1A3=α1/2\angle X K_{1} A_{3} = \alpha_{1} / 2. Since A1K3K1A3A_{1} K_{3} K_{1} A_{3} is cyclic, we also have KK1A3=α1=2XK1A3\angle K^{\prime} K_{1} A_{3} = \alpha_{1} = 2 \angle X K_{1} A_{3}, which proves the claim.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.