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Algebra Difficulty 4.6 AIME Prove it

Given a sequence {a_n}\{a\_n\} where all terms are positive, the sum of the first nn terms is S_nS\_n, and S_n=(a_n+2)(a_n1)2(nN).S\_n= \frac {(a\_n+2)(a\_n-1)}{2}(n∈N^{})..

(I) Prove that the sequence {a_n}\{a\_n\} is an arithmetic sequence.
(II) If b_n=a_n3nb\_n=a\_n⋅3^{n}, find the sum of the first nn terms of the sequence {b_n}\{b\_n\}, denoted as T_nT\_n.

Solution

(I) Proof: When n2n≥2, S_n=(a_n+2)(a_n1)2(nN)...S\_n= \frac {(a\_n+2)(a\_n-1)}{2}(n∈N^{})...①
Sn1=(an1+2)(an11)2...S_{n-1}= \frac {(a_{n-1}+2)(a_{n-1}-1)}{2}...②

Subtracting ② from ①, we get: a_n=a_n2+a_nan12an12...(1)a\_n= \frac {a\_n^{2}+a\_n-a_{n-1}^{2}-a_{n-1}}{2}...(1)
Simplifying, we get: (a_n+an1)(a_nan1)=(a_n+an1)...(2)(a\_n+a_{n-1})(a\_n-a_{n-1})=(a\_n+a_{n-1})...(2)

Since all terms of the sequence {a_n}\{a\_n\} are positive, a_n+an10a\_n+a_{n-1}≠ 0,
Hence, a_nan1=1(n2)...(3)a\_n-a_{n-1}=1(n≥2)...(3)

When n=1n=1, a_1=S_1=(a_1+2)(a_11)2a\_1=S\_1= \frac {(a\_1+2)(a\_1-1)}{2}, we get a_12a_12=0a\_1^{2}-a\_1-2=0,
Since a_1>0a\_1 > 0, we get a_1=2...(4)a\_1=2...(4)

Hence, the sequence {a_n}\{a\_n\} is an arithmetic sequence with first term 22 and common difference 1...(5)1...(5)

(II) From (1)(1), we get a_n=2+(n1)×1=n+1...(6)a\_n=2+(n-1)×1=n+1...(6)
Hence, b_n=a_n3n=(n+1)3n...(7)b\_n=a\_n⋅ 3^{n}=(n+1)⋅ 3^{n}...(7)

T_n=2×31+3×32+4×33++n×3n1+(n+1)×3n...(1)...(8)T\_n=2×3^{1}+3×3^{2}+4×3^{3}+…+n×3^{n-1}+(n+1)×3^{n}...(1)...(8)
3T_n=2×32+3×33+4×34++n×3n+(n+1)×3n+1...(2)...(9)3T\_n=2×3^{2}+3×3^{3}+4×3^{4}+…+n×3^{n}+(n+1)×3^{n+1}...(2)...(9)

Subtracting (2)(2) from (1)(1), we get: 2T_n=6+32+33++3n(n+1)×3n+1...(10)-2T\_n=6+3^{2}+3^{3}+…+3^{n}-(n+1)×3^{n+1}...(10)
Hence, 2T_n=6+323n×313(n+1)×3n+1=3n+132(n+1)×3n+1...(11)-2T\_n=6+ \frac {3^{2}-3^{n}×3}{1-3}-(n+1)×3^{n+1}= \frac {3^{n+1}-3}{2}-(n+1)×3^{n+1}...(11)

Hence, T_n=14(2n+1)3n+134...(12)T\_n= \frac {1}{4}(2n+1)3^{n+1}- \frac {3}{4}...(12)

The final answers are:
(I) The sequence {a_n}\{a\_n\} is an arithmetic sequence with first term 2\boxed{2} and common difference 1\boxed{1}.
(II) The sum of the first nn terms of the sequence {b_n}\{b\_n\}, T_nT\_n, is 14(2n+1)3n+134\boxed{\frac {1}{4}(2n+1)3^{n+1}- \frac {3}{4}}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.