Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.8 AIME, harder Prove it

9. consider a convex 15-vertex with perimeter 21. show that you can choose three different vertices in pairs that form a triangle with area less than 1.

Solution

Solution: Name the 15 sides a1,,a15a_{1}, \ldots, a_{15} and define a16=a1a_{16}=a_{1}. Consider the sums bi=b_{i}= ai+ai+1a_{i}+a_{i+1} for i=1,,15i=1, \ldots, 15. Dann gilt b1++b15=2(a1++a15)=42b_{1}+\ldots+b_{15}=2\left(a_{1}+\ldots+a_{15}\right)=42. Using the pusher compartment principle, it follows that there is a bi4215=145b_{i} \leq \frac{42}{15}=\frac{14}{5} exists. The triangle, which has the two side lengths aia_{i} and ai+1=biaia_{i+1}=b_{i}-a_{i}, can therefore span at most the area 12ai(biai)\frac{1}{2} a_{i}\left(b_{i}-a_{i}\right), i.e. at most 12ai(145ai)\frac{1}{2} a_{i}\left(\frac{14}{5}-a_{i}\right). We therefore want to show that 12ai(145ai)75\frac{1}{2} a_{i}\left(\frac{14}{5}-a_{i}\right)\frac{7}{5} follow, so we are done.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.