Let be distinct positive real numbers. Prove that if one of the numbers lies between and , or one of lies between and , then
and that otherwise, one can choose so that this inequality is false.
Solution
1. **Assume one of the numbers or lies between and :**
- Without loss of generality, assume . This implies and .
2. **Consider the inequality :**
- We need to show that .
3. Expand and simplify the left-hand side:
4. Expand and simplify the right-hand side:
5. Compare the terms:
- We need to show that:
6. Square both sides to eliminate the square roots:
7. Rearrange the inequality:
8. Simplify the terms:
9. **Since , we have , , and :
- This implies that the left-hand side is negative, which contradicts the right-hand side being positive.
10. Therefore, the inequality holds if one of the numbers or lies between and :**
11. **Consider the case where none of the numbers or lies between and :**
- For example, let , , , :
12. **Thus, the inequality can be false if none of the numbers or lies between and :**
- This shows that the inequality does not hold in this case.
The final answer is if one of the numbers or lies between and , or one of or lies between and . Otherwise, the inequality can be false.