Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 6.9 National olympiad Prove it

Let ABCA B C be a right-angled triangle with A^=90\hat{A}=90^{\circ}. Let KK be the midpoint of BCB C, and let AKLMA K L M be a parallelogram with centre CC. Let TT be the intersection of the line ACA C and the perpendicular bisector of BMB M. Let ω1\omega_{1} be the circle with centre CC and radius CAC A and let ω2\omega_{2} be the circle with centre TT and radius TBT B. Prove that one of the points of intersection of ω1\omega_{1} and ω2\omega_{2} is on the line LML M.

Solution

Let MM^{\prime} be the symmetric point of MM with respect to TT. Observe that TT is equidistant from BB and MM, therefore MM belongs on ω2\omega_{2} and MMM^{\prime} M is a diameter of ω2\omega_{2}. It suffices to prove that MAM^{\prime} A is perpendicular to LML M, or equivalently, to AKA K. To see this, let SS be the point of intersection of MAM^{\prime} A with LML M. We will then have MSM=90\angle M^{\prime} S M=90^{\circ} which shows that SS belongs on ω2\omega_{2} as MMM^{\prime} M is a diameter of ω2\omega_{2}. We also have that SS belongs on ω1\omega_{1} as ALA L is diameter of ω1\omega_{1}.

Since TT and CC are the midpoints of MMM^{\prime} M and KMK M respectively, then TCT C is parallel to MKM^{\prime} K and so MKM^{\prime} K is perpendicular to ABA B. Since KA=KBK A=K B, then KMK M^{\prime} is the perpendicular bisector of ABA B. But then the triangles KBMK B M^{\prime} and KAMK A M^{\prime} are equal, showing that MAK=MBK=MBM=90\angle M^{\prime} A K=\angle M^{\prime} B K=\angle M^{\prime} B M=90^{\circ} as required.
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Alternative Solution by Proposers. Since CA=CLC A=C L, then LL belongs on ω1\omega_{1}. Let SS be the other point of intersection of ω1\omega_{1} with the line LML M. We need to show that SS belongs on ω2\omega_{2}. Since TB=TMT B=T M ( TT is on the perpendicular bisector of BMB M ) it is enough to show that TS=TMT S=T M.

Let N,TN, T^{\prime} be points on the lines ALA L and LML M respectively, such that MNLMM N \perp L M and TTLMT T^{\prime} \perp L M. It is enough to prove that TT^{\prime} is the midpoint of SMS M. Since ALA L is diameter of ω1\omega_{1} we have that ASLSA S \perp L S. Thus, it is enough to show that TT is the midpoint of ANA N. We have

AT=AN2ACCT=ALLN22AC2CT=ALLNLN=2CT A T=\frac{A N}{2} \Leftrightarrow A C-C T=\frac{A L-L N}{2} \Leftrightarrow 2 A C-2 C T=A L-L N \Leftrightarrow L N=2 C T

as AL=2ACA L=2 A C. So it suffices to prove that LN=2CTL N=2 C T.

Let DD be the midpoint of BMB M. Since BK=KC=CMB K=K C=C M, then DD is also the midpoint of KCK C. The triangles LMNL M N and CTDC T D are similar since they are right-angled with
TCD=CAK=MLN\angle T C D=\angle C A K=\angle M L N. (AK=KC and AKA K is parallel to LML M.) So we have

LNCT=LMCD=AKCD=CKCD=2 \frac{L N}{C T}=\frac{L M}{C D}=\frac{A K}{C D}=\frac{C K}{C D}=2

as required.

## NUMBER THEORY

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