Let be a convex pentagon such that the five vertices lie on a circle and the five sides are tangent to another circle inside the pentagon. There are triangles which can be formed by choosing 3 of the 5 vertices. For each of these 10 triangles, mark its incenter. Prove that these 10 incenters lie on two concentric circles.
Solution
Let be the incenter of pentagon . Let denote the incenter of triangle and the incenter . Define similarly.
We will first show that are concyclic. Let be the circle with center at the midpoint of arc and passing through and . Define similarly. It is well-known that the incenter of a triangle lies on such circles, in particular, lies on and . So the radical axis of is the line . But this is just the angle bisector of , which also lies on. So is in fact the radical center of ! Inverting about swaps and and since are concyclic, are concyclic as well.
Let be the center of the circle . We will now show that which finishes the problem as we can consider the cyclic versions of this equation to find that . Recall a well-known lemma: For any cyclic quadrilateral , the incenters of form a rectangle. Applying this lemma on , we see that form a rectangle in that order. Then the perpendicular bisector of is exactly the perpendicular bisector of . Thus, is equidistant to and and we are done.