AlgebraDifficulty 7.1National olympiad, round 2Prove it
Example 19 Positive real numbers x,y,z satisfy x2+y2+z2=1. Prove: x21+y21+z21−xyz2⩾9−63,
with equality if and only if x=y=z=33.
Solution
Proof: Let f(x,y,z)=x21+y21+z21−xyz2, and assume without loss of generality that x=max{x,y,z}∈[33,1], then =f(x,y,z)−f(x,2y2+z2,2y2+z2)xy2z2(y2+z2)(x(y+z)2−2yz)(y−z)2⩾0.
In fact, x(y+z)2⩾343yz. Because f(x,2y2+z2,2y2+z2)=f(x,21−x2,21−x2)=x2(x+1)−3x+1⩾9−63
Therefore, equation (43) holds, with equality if and only if x=y=z=33.
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