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Algebra Difficulty 7.1 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

Example 19 Positive real numbers x,y,zx, y, z satisfy x2+y2+z2=1x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}=1. Prove:
1x2+1y2+1z22xyz963\frac{1}{x^{2}}+\frac{1}{y^{2}}+\frac{1}{z^{2}}-\frac{2}{x y z} \geqslant 9-6 \sqrt{3} \text {, }

with equality if and only if x=y=z=33x=y=z=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}.

Solution

Proof: Let f(x,y,z)=1x2+1y2+1z22xyzf(x, y, z)=\frac{1}{x^{2}}+\frac{1}{y^{2}}+\frac{1}{z^{2}}-\frac{2}{x y z}, and assume without loss of generality that x=max{x,y,z}[33,1]x=\max \{x, y, z\} \in\left[\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}, 1\right], then
f(x,y,z)f(x,y2+z22,y2+z22)=(x(y+z)22yz)(yz)2xy2z2(y2+z2)0.\begin{aligned} & f(x, y, z)-f\left(x, \sqrt{\frac{y^{2}+z^{2}}{2}}, \sqrt{\frac{y^{2}+z^{2}}{2}}\right) \\ = & \frac{\left(x(y+z)^{2}-2 y z\right)(y-z)^{2}}{x y^{2} z^{2}\left(y^{2}+z^{2}\right)} \geqslant 0 . \end{aligned}

In fact, x(y+z)2433yzx(y+z)^{2} \geqslant \frac{4 \sqrt{3}}{3} y z.
Because
f(x,y2+z22,y2+z22)=f(x,1x22,1x22)=3x+1x2(x+1)963\begin{aligned} f\left(x, \sqrt{\frac{y^{2}+z^{2}}{2}}, \sqrt{\frac{y^{2}+z^{2}}{2}}\right) & =f\left(x, \sqrt{\frac{1-x^{2}}{2}}, \sqrt{\frac{1-x^{2}}{2}}\right) \\ & =\frac{-3 x+1}{x^{2}(x+1)} \geqslant 9-6 \sqrt{3} \end{aligned}

Therefore, equation (43) holds, with equality if and only if x=y=z=33x=y=z=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.