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Algebra Difficulty 7.1 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

Example 8.2.7. Let a,b,ca, b, c be non-negative real numbers with sum 1. Prove that
ab+bc+caa2+b2+c2+16abc8(a2b2+b2c2+c2a2) \frac{a b + b c + c a}{a^{2} + b^{2} + c^{2} + 16 a b c} \geq 8\left(a^{2} b^{2} + b^{2} c^{2} + c^{2} a^{2}\right)
(Pham Kim Hung, MYM)

Solution

Solution. Denote x=4(ab+bc+ca)x=4(ab+bc+ca) and y=8abcy=8abc then we obtain
a2+b2+c2=1x2;a2b2+b2c2+c2a2=x216y4a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}=1-\frac{x}{2} ; \quad a^{2}b^{2}+b^{2}c^{2}+c^{2}a^{2}=\frac{x^{2}}{16}-\frac{y}{4}

We can rewrite the inequality to the form
2x(42x+8y)(x24y)x(x1)24y((x1)(x+2)4y)x(x1)2+16y24y(x1)(x+2)\begin{aligned} & 2 x \geq(4-2 x+8 y)\left(x^{2}-4 y\right) \\ \Leftrightarrow & x(x-1)^{2} \geq 4 y((x-1)(x+2)-4 y) \\ \Leftrightarrow & x(x-1)^{2}+16 y^{2} \geq 4 y(x-1)(x+2) \end{aligned}

Obviously, x43x \leq \frac{4}{3}. If x1x \leq 1, we are done immediately. Otherwise, suppose that x1x \geq 1. By the third degree-Schur inequality, it's easy to get 8(x1)9y8(x-1) \leq 9 y. Considering xx as a parameter in [1,43]\left[1, \frac{4}{3}\right], we will prove that f(y)0f(y) \geq 0, where
f(y)=16y24y(x1)(x+2)+x(x1)2f(y)=16 y^{2}-4 y(x-1)(x+2)+x(x-1)^{2}

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.