Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.6 AIME, harder Find the answer

97. In a circle of radius RR, a chord ABAB is given. Let MM be an arbitrary point on the circle. On the ray MAMA, we lay off the segment MN,MN=RMN, |MN| = R, and on the ray MBMB - the segment MKMK, equal to the distance from MM to the orthocenter of triangle MABMAB. Find NK|NK|, if the smaller arc subtended by ABAB is 2α2\alpha.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

97. Let PP be the foot of the perpendicular dropped from NN to the line MBM B; then MP=Rcosα|M P'| = R \cos \alpha, hence MP|M P| is equal to the distance from the center OO of ABA B, but the distance from the vertex of the triangle to the orthocenter is twice the distance from the center of the circumscribed circle to the opposite side, i.e., MP=12MK|M P| = \frac{1}{2} |M K|.

From this it follows that if MM is on the larger arc, i.e., AMB^=α\widehat{A M B} = \alpha, then MK=R|M K| = R; if, however, AMB^=180α\widehat{A M B} = 180^{\circ} - \alpha (i.e., MM is on the smaller arc of the circle), then NK2=R2+4R2cos2α+4R2cos2α=R2(1+8cos2α)|N K|^{2} = R^{2} + 4 R^{2} \cos^{2} \alpha + 4 R^{2} \cos^{2} \alpha = R^{2} \left(1 + 8 \cos^{2} \alpha\right).

Answer: MK={R, if M is on the larger arc of the circle, R1+8cos2α, if M is on the smaller arc of the circle. |M K| = \left\{\begin{array}{l}R, \text { if } M \text { is on the larger arc of the circle, } \\ R \sqrt{1 + 8 \cos^{2} \alpha}, \\ \text { if } M \text { is on the smaller arc of the circle. }\end{array}\right.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.