Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /374 of 520

Geometry Difficulty 6.9 National olympiad Prove it

Given a triangle ABCA B C, let its incircle touch the sides BC,CA,ABB C, C A, A B at D,E,FD, E, F, respectively. Let GG be the midpoint of the segment DED E. Prove that EFC=\angle E F C= GFD\angle G F D.

Solution

. Let ω\omega be the circumcircle of the triangle CEFC E F and let HH be the second point of intersection of the circle ω\omega with the line CGC G (Figure 8). Assume also, without loss of generality, that AC<BCA C < B C. (If AC=BCA C = B C, the whole problem becomes trivial due to symmetry.) Then the points G,H,BG, H, B lie on the same side of the line CFC F and the vertex AA lies on the opposite side. The points E,F,H,CE, F, H, C lie on the circle ω\omega while the points EE and DD are symmetric with respect to the line CH\mathrm{CH}. Hence

EFC=EHC=CHD. \angle E F C = \angle E H C = \angle C H D.

The line ACA C is tangent to the incircle of ABCA B C at EE, so we have GDF=EDF=AEF=180CEF\angle G D F = \angle E D F = \angle A E F = 180^{\circ} - \angle C E F. Now, using the circle ω\omega, we see that CEF=180CHF=180GHF\angle C E F = 180^{\circ} - \angle C H F = 180^{\circ} - \angle G H F. Combining the above relations we conclude that GDF=GHF\angle G D F = \angle G H F, so that the points G,F,H,DG, F, H, D lie on a circle. Therefore CHD=GHD=GFD\angle C H D = \angle G H D = \angle G F D, which together with ()(*) proves the assertion of the problem.

Remark. This problem is trivial for those who rely on the following known result: a symmedian through one of the vertices of a triangle passes through the point of intersection of the tangents to the circumcircle at the other two vertices (http://www. cut-the-knot.org/Curriculum/Geometry/Symmedian.shtml\#explanation). Applying this result to triangle DEFD E F and the symmedian through FF gives that the symmedian coincides with FCF C. Now use the definition of symmedian.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.