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Geometry Difficulty 7.1 National olympiad, round 2 Prove it

20. G5 (SMN) Let A1A2AnA_{1} A_{2} \ldots A_{n} be a regular nn-gon. The points B1,,Bn1B_{1}, \ldots, B_{n-1} are defined as follows: (i) If i=1i=1 or i=n1i=n-1, then BiB_{i} is the midpoint of the side AiAi+1A_{i} A_{i+1}. (ii) If i1,in1i \neq 1, i \neq n-1, and SS is the intersection point of A1Ai+1A_{1} A_{i+1} and AnAiA_{n} A_{i}, then BiB_{i} is the intersection point of the bisector of the angle AiSAi+1A_{i} S A_{i+1} with AiAi+1A_{i} A_{i+1}. Prove the equality A1B1An+A1B2An++A1Bn1An=180. \angle A_{1} B_{1} A_{n}+\angle A_{1} B_{2} A_{n}+\cdots+\angle A_{1} B_{n-1} A_{n}=180^{\circ} .

Solution

20. We first establish the following lemma. Lemma. Let ABCDA B C D be an isosceles trapezoid with bases ABA B and CDC D. The diagonals ACA C and BDB D intersect at SS. Let MM be the midpoint of BCB C, and let the bisector of the angle BSCB S C intersect BCB C at NN. Then AMD=AND\angle A M D=\angle A N D. Proof. It suffices to show that the points A,D,M,NA, D, M, N are concyclic. The statement is trivial for ADBCA D \| B C. Let us now assume that ADA D and BCB C meet at XX, and let XA=XB=a,XC=XD=bX A=X B=a, X C=X D=b. Since SNS N is the bisector of CSB\angle C S B, we have aXNXNb=BNCN=BSCS=ABCD=ab \frac{a-X N}{X N-b}=\frac{B N}{C N}=\frac{B S}{C S}=\frac{A B}{C D}=\frac{a}{b} and an easy computation yields XN=2aba+bX N=\frac{2 a b}{a+b}. We also have XM=a+b2X M=\frac{a+b}{2}; hence XMXN=XAXDX M \cdot X N=X A \cdot X D. Therefore A,D,M,NA, D, M, N are concyclic, as needed. Denote by CiC_{i} the midpoint of the side AiAi+1,i=1,,n1A_{i} A_{i+1}, i=1, \ldots, n-1. By definition C1=B1C_{1}=B_{1} and Cn1=Bn1C_{n-1}=B_{n-1}. Since A1AiAi+1AnA_{1} A_{i} A_{i+1} A_{n} is an isosceles trapezoid with A1AiAi+1AnA_{1} A_{i} \| A_{i+1} A_{n} for i=2,,n2i=2, \ldots, n-2, it follows from the lemma that A1BiAn=A1CiAn\angle A_{1} B_{i} A_{n}=\angle A_{1} C_{i} A_{n} for all ii. The sum in consideration thus equals A1C1An+A1C2An++\angle A_{1} C_{1} A_{n}+\angle A_{1} C_{2} A_{n}+\cdots+ A1Cn1An\angle A_{1} C_{n-1} A_{n}. Moreover, the triangles A1CiAnA_{1} C_{i} A_{n} and An+2iC1An+1iA_{n+2-i} C_{1} A_{n+1-i} are congruent (a rotation about the center of the nn-gon carries the first one to the second), and consequently A1CiAn=An+2iC1An+1i \angle A_{1} C_{i} A_{n}=\angle A_{n+2-i} C_{1} A_{n+1-i} ! for i=2,,n1i=2, \ldots, n-1. Hence Σ=A1C1An+AnC1An1++A3C1A2=A1C1A2=180\Sigma=\angle A_{1} C_{1} A_{n}+\angle A_{n} C_{1} A_{n-1}+\cdots+\angle A_{3} C_{1} A_{2}=\angle A_{1} C_{1} A_{2}=180^{\circ}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.