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Geometry Difficulty 4.5 AIME Prove it

In the Cartesian coordinate system xOyxOy, there is a given circle MM with equation (x+1)2+y2=36(x+1)^2+y^2=36, and a moving circle NN that passes through point F(1,0)F(1,0) and is tangent to circle MM. The trajectory of the center NN of the moving circle is denoted as curve CC.
(1) Find the equation of curve CC;
(2) Let AA and PP be two points on curve CC, and the symmetric point of AA with respect to the xx-axis is BB (different from point PP). If the lines APAP and BPBP intersect the xx-axis at points SS and TT respectively, prove that OSOT|OS|\cdot|OT| is a constant.

Solution

(1) Since point F(1,0)F(1,0) is inside the circle M:(x+1)2+y2=36M: (x+1)^2+y^2=36, circle NN is internally tangent to circle MM. Therefore, NM+NF=6>FM|NM|+|NF|=6>|FM|. According to the definition of an ellipse, the trajectory of the center NN is an ellipse, with 2a=62a=6 and c=1c=1. Thus, a2=9a^2=9 and b2=8b^2=8. Therefore, the equation of the trajectory of the center NN of the moving circle is x29+y28=1\frac{x^2}{9} + \frac{y^2}{8} = 1.

(2) Let P(x0,y0)P(x_0,y_0), A(x1,y1)A(x_1,y_1), S(xS,0)S(x_S,0), and T(xT,0)T(x_T,0). Then B(x1,y1)B(x_1,-y_1). Given that x0±x1x_0 \neq \pm x_1, we have kAP=y1y0x1x0k_{AP} = \frac{y_1-y_0}{x_1-x_0}, and the equation of line APAP is yy1=kAP(xx1)y-y_1=k_{AP}(x-x_1). Setting y=0y=0, we get xS=x0y1x1y0y1y0x_S= \frac{x_0y_1-x_1y_0}{y_1-y_0}, and similarly xT=x0(y1)x1y0(y1)y0=x0y1+x1y0y1+y0x_T= \frac{x_0(-y_1)-x_1y_0}{(-y_1)-y_0} = \frac{x_0y_1+x_1y_0}{y_1+y_0}.
Thus, OSOT=xSxT=x0y1x1y0y1y0x0y1+x1y0y1+y0=x02y12x12y02y12y02|OS|\cdot|OT|=|x_Sx_T|=| \frac{x_0y_1-x_1y_0}{y_1-y_0} \cdot \frac{x_0y_1+x_1y_0}{y_1+y_0}|=| \frac{x_0^2y_1^2-x_1^2y_0^2}{y_1^2-y_0^2}|.
Since P(x0,y0)P(x_0,y_0) and A(x1,y1)A(x_1,y_1) are on the ellipse x29+y28=1\frac{x^2}{9} + \frac{y^2}{8} = 1, we have y02=8(1x029),y12=8(1x129)y_0^2=8(1- \frac{x_0^2}{9}), y_1^2=8(1- \frac{x_1^2}{9}), thus y12y02=89(x02x12),x02y12x12y02=8x02(1x129)8x12(1x029)=8(x02x12)y_1^2-y_0^2= \frac{8}{9}(x_0^2-x_1^2), x_0^2y_1^2-x_1^2y_0^2=8x_0^2(1- \frac{x_1^2}{9})-8x_1^2(1- \frac{x_0^2}{9})=8(x_0^2-x_1^2).
Therefore, OSOT=x02y12x12y02y12y02=8(x02x12)89(x02x12)=9|OS|\cdot|OT|=| \frac{x_0^2y_1^2-x_1^2y_0^2}{y_1^2-y_0^2}|=| \frac{8(x_0^2-x_1^2)}{ \frac{8}{9}(x_0^2-x_1^2)}|=\boxed{9}.

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Source: NuminaMath-1.5, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.