Let a≥b≥c be real numbers such that a2bc+ab2c+abc2+8a2b+a2c+b2c+b2a+c2a+c2b+3abca2b2c+ab2c2+a2bc2=a+b+c=−4=2+ab+bc+ca If a+b+c>0, then compute the integer nearest to a5.
A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.
Solution
We factor the first and third givens, obtaining the system a2bc+ab2c+abc2−a−b−c=(abc−1)(a+b+c)a2b+a2c+b2c+b2a+c2a+c2b+3abc=(ab+bc+ca)(a+b+c)a2b2c+ab2c2+a2bc2−ab−bc−ca=(abc−1)(ab+bc+ca)=−8=−4=2 Writing X=a+b+c,Y=ab+bc+ca,Z=abc−1, we have XZ=−8,XY=−4,YZ= 2. Multiplying the three yields (XYZ)2=64 from which XYZ=±8. Since we are given X>0, multiplying the last equation by X we have 2X=XYZ=±8. Evidently XYZ=8 from which X=4,Y=−1,Z=−2. We conclude that a,b,c are the roots of the polynomial P(t)=t3−4t2−t+1. Thus, P(a)=a3−4a2−a+1=0, and also P(b)=P(c)=0. Now since P(1/2)=−83,P(0)=1 and P(−2/3)=−2711, we conclude that −2/3<c<0<b<1/2<a. It follows that b5+c5<21. Thus, we compute a5+b5+c5. Defining Sn=an+bn+cn, we have Sn+3=4Sn+2+Sn+1−Sn for n≥0. Evidently S0=3,S1=4,S2=(a+b+c)2−2(ab+bc+ca)=18. Then S3=4⋅18+4−3=73, S4=4⋅73+18−4=306, and S5=4⋅306+73−18=1279. Since b5+c5<21, we conclude that S5−a5<21, or that 1279 is the integer nearest to a5.
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