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Algebra Difficulty 5.9 AIME, harder Find the answer

Solve in integers the system of equations: x2y2=zx^2-y^2=z
3xy+(xy)z=z23xy+(x-y)z=z^2

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

To solve the system of equations in integers:
x2y2=z x^2 - y^2 = z
3xy+(xy)z=z2 3xy + (x-y)z = z^2

we begin by analyzing the first equation. The expression x2y2=z x^2 - y^2 = z can be factored as:
(x+y)(xy)=z (x+y)(x-y) = z
Substituting this into the second equation, we have:
3xy+(xy)z=z2 3xy + (x-y)z = z^2
Given the expression for z z , we substitute z=(x+y)(xy) z = (x+y)(x-y) into the second equation:
3xy+(xy)(x+y)(xy)=((x+y)(xy))2 3xy + (x-y)(x+y)(x-y) = ((x+y)(x-y))^2
Simplify and expand the terms:
3xy+(x2y2)(xy)=(x2y2)2 3xy + (x^2-y^2)(x-y) = (x^2-y^2)^2

Now let's consider specific integer solutions by testing small values for simplification:

1. Consider x=2 x = 2 , y=1 y = 1 :
x2y2=2212=41=3z=3 x^2 - y^2 = 2^2 - 1^2 = 4 - 1 = 3 \quad \Rightarrow \quad z = 3
3xy+(xy)z=321+(21)3=6+3=9 3xy + (x-y)z = 3\cdot2\cdot1 + (2-1)\cdot3 = 6 + 3 = 9
z2=32=9 z^2 = 3^2 = 9
Thus, (2,1,3)(2, 1, 3) is a solution.

2. Consider x=1 x = 1 , y=2 y = 2 :
x2y2=1222=14=3z=3 x^2 - y^2 = 1^2 - 2^2 = 1 - 4 = -3 \quad \Rightarrow \quad z = -3
3xy+(xy)z=312+(12)(3)=6+3=9 3xy + (x-y)z = 3\cdot1\cdot2 + (1-2)\cdot(-3) = 6 + 3 = 9
z2=(3)2=9 z^2 = (-3)^2 = 9
Thus, (1,2,3)(1, 2, -3) is a solution.

3. Consider x=1 x = 1 , y=0 y = 0 :
x2y2=1202=10=1z=1 x^2 - y^2 = 1^2 - 0^2 = 1 - 0 = 1 \quad \Rightarrow \quad z = 1
3xy+(xy)z=310+(10)1=0+1=1 3xy + (x-y)z = 3\cdot1\cdot0 + (1-0)\cdot1 = 0 + 1 = 1
z2=12=1 z^2 = 1^2 = 1
Thus, (1,0,1)(1, 0, 1) is a solution.

4. Consider x=0 x = 0 , y=1 y = 1 :
x2y2=0212=01=1z=1 x^2 - y^2 = 0^2 - 1^2 = 0 - 1 = -1 \quad \Rightarrow \quad z = -1
3xy+(xy)z=301+(01)(1)=0+1=1 3xy + (x-y)z = 3\cdot0\cdot1 + (0-1)\cdot(-1) = 0 + 1 = 1
z2=(1)2=1 z^2 = (-1)^2 = 1
Thus, (0,1,1)(0, 1, -1) is a solution.

5. Consider x=0 x = 0 , y=0 y = 0 :
x2y2=0202=00=0z=0 x^2 - y^2 = 0^2 - 0^2 = 0 - 0 = 0 \quad \Rightarrow \quad z = 0
3xy+(xy)z=300+(00)0=0 3xy + (x-y)z = 3\cdot0\cdot0 + (0-0)\cdot0 = 0
z2=02=0 z^2 = 0^2 = 0
Thus, (0,0,0)(0, 0, 0) is a solution.

The integer solutions to the system of equations are:
{(2,1,3),(1,2,3),(1,0,1),(0,1,1),(0,0,0)} \boxed{\{(2, 1, 3), (1, 2, -3), (1, 0, 1), (0, 1, -1), (0, 0, 0)\}}

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.