Suppose that and are two different prime numbers and that . What is the number of possible values of with ?
Solution
We note that . Since , then and so . Finding the number of possible values of is thus equivalent to finding the number of positive integers with that are the product of two prime numbers. The prime numbers that are at most 31 are . The distinct products of pairs of these that are at most 31 are: . Any other product either duplicates one that we have counted already, or is larger than 31. Therefore, there are 7 such values of .
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