Maths Olympiad Prep

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Geometry Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Find the answer

A regular hexagon has one side along the diameter of a semicircle, and the two opposite vertices on the semicircle. Find the area of the hexagon if the diameter of the semicircle is 1.

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Solution

The midpoint of the side of the hexagon on the diameter is the center of the circle. Draw the segment from this center to a vertex of the hexagon on the circle. This segment, whose length is 1/21 / 2, is the hypotenuse of a right triangle whose legs have lengths a/2a / 2 and a3a \sqrt{3}, where aa is a side of the hexagon. So 1/4=a2(1/4+3)1 / 4=a^{2}(1 / 4+3), so a2=1/13a^{2}=1 / 13. The hexagon consists of 6 equilateral triangles of side length aa, so the area of the hexagon is 3a23/2=33/263 a^{2} \sqrt{3} / 2=3 \sqrt{3} / 26.

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