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Algebra Difficulty 5.3 AIME, harder Find the answer

Let f(x)=x4+14x3+52x2+56x+16f(x)=x^{4}+14 x^{3}+52 x^{2}+56 x+16. Let z1,z2,z3,z4z_{1}, z_{2}, z_{3}, z_{4} be the four roots of ff. Find the smallest possible value of zazb+zczd|z_{a} z_{b}+z_{c} z_{d}| where {a,b,c,d}={1,2,3,4}\{a, b, c, d\}=\{1,2,3,4\}.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Note that 116f(2x)=x4+7x3+13x2+7x+1\frac{1}{16} f(2 x)=x^{4}+7 x^{3}+13 x^{2}+7 x+1. Because the coefficients of this polynomial are symmetric, if rr is a root of f(x)f(x) then 4r\frac{4}{r} is as well. Further, f(1)=1f(-1)=-1 and f(2)=16f(-2)=16 so f(x)f(x) has two distinct roots on (2,0)(-2,0) and two more roots on (,2)(-\infty,-2). Now, if σ\sigma is a permutation of {1,2,3,4}\{1,2,3,4\} : zσ(1)zσ(2)+zσ(3)zσ(4)12(zσ(1)zσ(2)+zσ(3)zσ(4)+zσ(4)zσ(3)+zσ(2)zσ(1))|z_{\sigma(1)} z_{\sigma(2)}+z_{\sigma(3)} z_{\sigma(4)}| \leq \frac{1}{2}(z_{\sigma(1)} z_{\sigma(2)}+z_{\sigma(3)} z_{\sigma(4)}+z_{\sigma(4)} z_{\sigma(3)}+z_{\sigma(2)} z_{\sigma(1)}) Let the roots be ordered z1z2z3z4z_{1} \leq z_{2} \leq z_{3} \leq z_{4}, then by rearrangement the last expression is at least: 12(z1z4+z2z3+z3z2+z4z1)\frac{1}{2}(z_{1} z_{4}+z_{2} z_{3}+z_{3} z_{2}+z_{4} z_{1}) Since the roots come in pairs z1z4=z2z3=4z_{1} z_{4}=z_{2} z_{3}=4, our expression is minimized when σ(1)=1,σ(2)=4,σ(3)=3,σ(4)=2\sigma(1)=1, \sigma(2)=4, \sigma(3)=3, \sigma(4)=2 and its minimum value is 8.

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.