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Algebra Difficulty 7.7 National olympiad, round 2 Find the answer

Given two integers m,nm,n which are greater than 11. r,sr,s are two given positive real numbers such that r<sr<s. For all aij0a_{ij}\ge 0 which are not all zeroes,find the maximal value of the expression
f=(j=1n(i=1maijs)rs)1r(i=1m)j=1naijr)sr)1s.f=\frac{(\sum_{j=1}^{n}(\sum_{i=1}^{m}a_{ij}^s)^{\frac{r}{s}})^{\frac{1}{r}}}{(\sum_{i=1}^{m})\sum_{j=1}^{n}a_{ij}^r)^{\frac{s}{r}})^{\frac{1}{s}}}.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Given two integers m,n m, n which are greater than 1, and two positive real numbers r,s r, s such that r<s r < s , we aim to find the maximal value of the expression
f=(j=1n(i=1maijs)rs)1r(i=1mj=1naijr)1s f = \frac{\left( \sum_{j=1}^{n} \left( \sum_{i=1}^{m} a_{ij}^s \right)^{\frac{r}{s}} \right)^{\frac{1}{r}}}{\left( \sum_{i=1}^{m} \sum_{j=1}^{n} a_{ij}^r \right)^{\frac{1}{s}}}
for all aij0 a_{ij} \geq 0 which are not all zeroes.

We claim that the maximum value is given by
f(m,n,r,s)=min(m,n)1r1s, f(m, n, r, s) = \min(m, n)^{\frac{1}{r} - \frac{1}{s}},
where equality holds when aij=1 a_{ij} = 1 if i=j i = j and aij=0 a_{ij} = 0 otherwise.

To prove this, let bij=aijr b_{ij} = a_{ij}^r and k=sr k = \frac{s}{r} . It suffices to show that
j=1ni=1mbijkkmin(m,n)11k(i=1m(j=1nbij)kk). \sum_{j=1}^n \sqrt[k]{\sum_{i=1}^m b_{ij}^k} \leq \min(m, n)^{1 - \frac{1}{k}} \left( \sqrt[k]{\sum_{i=1}^m \left( \sum_{j=1}^n b_{ij} \right)^k} \right).

Using a lemma for sums and applying Karamata's inequality, we can show that the left-hand side of the inequality can be 'smoothed' without decreasing its value, leading to the conclusion that the maximum value of f f is indeed min(m,n)1r1s \min(m, n)^{\frac{1}{r} - \frac{1}{s}} .

Thus, the maximal value of the given expression is:
min(m,n)1r1s. \boxed{\min(m, n)^{\frac{1}{r} - \frac{1}{s}}}.

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.