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Geometry Difficulty 6.6 National olympiad Find the answer

A regular tetrahedron ABCDA B C D and points M,NM, N are given in space. Prove the inequality MANA+MBNB+MCNCMDNDM A \cdot N A+M B \cdot N B+M C \cdot N C \geqslant M D \cdot N D

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

We need the following Lemma 1. For every different points A,B,C,DA, B, C, D the inequality ABCD+BCADACBDA B \cdot C D+B C \cdot A D \geqslant A C \cdot B D holds. Proof. Consider the point A1A_{1} on the ray DAD A such that DA1=1DAD A_{1}=\frac{1}{D A}. In the same way we take the points B1B_{1} and C1C_{1} on the rays DBD B and DCD C. Since DA1DB=DB1DA=1DADB\frac{D A_{1}}{D B}=\frac{D B_{1}}{D A}=\frac{1}{D A \cdot D B}, it follows from similarity of the triangles DABD A B and DB1A1D B_{1} A_{1} that A1B1=ABDADBA_{1} B_{1}=\frac{A B}{D A \cdot D B}. Similarly, B1C1=BCDBDCB_{1} C_{1}=\frac{B C}{D B \cdot D C} and C1A1=CADCDAC_{1} A_{1}=\frac{C A}{D C \cdot D A} (1). Substituting these equalities in the triangle inequality A1B1+B1C1A1C1A_{1} B_{1}+B_{1} C_{1} \geqslant A_{1} C_{1} we obtain ABCD+BCADACBDA B \cdot C D+B C \cdot A D \geqslant A C \cdot B D. Lemma 2. For every points M,NM, N in the plane of the triangle ABCA B C AMANABAC+BMBNBABC+CMCNCACB1\frac{A M \cdot A N}{A B \cdot A C}+\frac{B M \cdot B N}{B A \cdot B C}+\frac{C M \cdot C N}{C A \cdot C B} \geqslant 1 Proof. In the plane ABCA B C we consider the point KK such that ABM=KBC,MAB=CKB\angle A B M=\angle K B C, \angle M A B=\angle C K B. Note that CKBK=AMAB,AKBK=CMBC,BCBK=BMAB\frac{C K}{B K}=\frac{A M}{A B}, \frac{A K}{B K}=\frac{C M}{B C}, \frac{B C}{B K}=\frac{B M}{A B} Applying lemma 1 to the points A,N,C,KA, N, C, K we have ANCK+CNAKACNKA N \cdot C K+C N \cdot A K \geqslant A C \cdot N K. Triangle inequality NKBKBNN K \geqslant B K-B N gives us ANCK+CNAKAC(BKBN)A N \cdot C K+C N \cdot A K \geqslant A C \cdot(B K-B N). Hence we obtain ANCKACBK+CNAKACBK+BNBK1\frac{A N \cdot C K}{A C \cdot B K}+\frac{C N \cdot A K}{A C \cdot B K}+\frac{B N}{B K} \geqslant 1 It follows from (3) and (2) that AMANABAC+BMBNBABC+CMCNCACB1\frac{A M \cdot A N}{A B \cdot A C}+\frac{B M \cdot B N}{B A \cdot B C}+\frac{C M \cdot C N}{C A \cdot C B} \geqslant 1. Corollary. The inequality remains true when one of the points M,NM, N, or both, lie outside the plane of the triangle ABCA B C. It follows from lemma 2 when instead of MM and NN it is applied to their projections onto the plane of the triangle ABCA B C. We are ready now to solve the problem. On the ray DAD A we consider the point A1A_{1} such that DA1=1DAD A_{1}=\frac{1}{D A}. In a similar way we take points B1,C1,M1,N1B_{1}, C_{1}, M_{1}, N_{1} on the rays DB,DC,DM,DND B, D C, D M, D N. Applying the corollary of Lemma 2 to the points M1,N1M_{1}, N_{1} and the triangle A1B1C1A_{1} B_{1} C_{1} we get the inequality A1M1A1N1+B1M1B1N1+C1M1C1N1A1B12A_{1} M_{1} \cdot A_{1} N_{1}+B_{1} M_{1} \cdot B_{1} N_{1}+C_{1} M_{1} \cdot C_{1} N_{1} \geqslant A_{1} B_{1}^{2}; using equations similar to (1) we obtain AMDADMANDADN+BMDBDMBNDBDN+CMDCDMCNDCDN(ABDADB)2\frac{A M}{D A \cdot D M} \cdot \frac{A N}{D A \cdot D N}+\frac{B M}{D B \cdot D M} \cdot \frac{B N}{D B \cdot D N}+\frac{C M}{D C \cdot D M} \cdot \frac{C N}{D C \cdot D N} \geqslant\left(\frac{A B}{D A \cdot D B}\right)^{2} whence AMAN+BMBN+CMCNDMDNA M \cdot A N+B M \cdot B N+C M \cdot C N \geqslant D M \cdot D N q.e.d.

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