Compute the unique ordered pair (x,y) of real numbers satisfying the system of equations x2+y2x−x1=7 and x2+y2y+y1=4
A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.
Solution
Solution 1: Consider vectors (y/x2+y2x/x2+y2) and (1/y−1/x) They are orthogonal and add up to (47), which have length 72+42=65. The first vector has length 1, so by Pythagorean's theorem, the second vector has length 65−1=8, so we have x21+y21=64⟹x2+y2=±8xy However, the first equation indicates that x<0, while the second equation indicates that y>0, so xy<0. Thus, x2+y2=−8xy. Plugging this into both of the starting equations give −8y1−x1=7 and −8x1+y1=4 Solving this gives (x,y)=(−9613,4013), which works. Solution 2: Let x=rcosθ and y=rsinθ. Then our equations read cosθ−rcosθ1=7sinθ+rsinθ1=4 Multiplying the first equation by cosθ and the second by sinθ, and then adding the two gives 7cosθ+4sinθ=1. This means 4sinθ=1−7cosθ⟹16sin2θ=1−14cosθ+49cos2θ⟹65cos2θ−14cosθ−15=0 This factors as (13cosθ+5)(5cosθ−3)=0, so cosθ is either 53 or −135. This means either cosθ=53 and sinθ=−54, or cosθ=−135 and sinθ=1312. The first case, plugging back in, makes r a negative number, a contradiction, so we take the second case. Then x=cosθ−71=−9613 and y=4−sinθ1=4013. The answer is (x,y)=(−9613,4013).
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