Maths Olympiad Prep

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Combinatorics Difficulty 4.7 AIME Find the answer

Andrea flips a fair coin repeatedly, continuing until she either flips two heads in a row (the sequence HHH H ) or flips tails followed by heads (the sequence THT H ). What is the probability that she will stop after flipping HHH H ?

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

The only way that Andrea can ever flip HHH H is if she never flips TT, in which case she must flip two heads immediately at the beginning. This happens with probability 14\frac{1}{4}.

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