Maths Olympiad Prep

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Algebra Difficulty 5.5 AIME, harder Find the answer

Let SS be the set of ordered pairs (a,b)(a, b) of positive integers such that \operatorname{gcd}(a, b)=1.Compute. Compute (a,b)S3002a+3b\sum_{(a, b) \in S}\left\lfloor\frac{300}{2 a+3 b}\right\rfloor$

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

The key claim is the following. Claim: The sum in the problem is equal to the number of solutions of 2x+3y3002 x+3 y \leq 300 where x,yx, y are positive integers. Proof. The sum in the problem is the same as counting the number of triples (a,b,d)(a, b, d) of positive integers such that \operatorname{gcd}(a, b)=1and and d(2 a+3 b) \leq 300.Now,givensuch. Now, given such (a, b, d),webijectittothepair, we biject it to the pair (x, y)describedintheclaimby described in the claim by x=d aand and x=d b.Thistransformationcanbereversedby. This transformation can be reversed by d=\operatorname{gcd}(x, y),, a=x / d,and, and b=y / d,implyingthatitisindeedabijection,sothesumisindeedequaltothenumberofsuch(x,y), implying that it is indeed a bijection, so the sum is indeed equal to the number of \operatorname{such}(x, y). Hence, we wish to count the number of positive integer solutions to 2x+3y3002 x+3 y \leq 300. One way to do this is via casework on yy, which we know to be an integer less than 100: - If yy is even, then y=2ky=2 k for 1k491 \leq k \leq 49. Fixing kk, there are exactly 3006k2=1503k\frac{300-6 k}{2}=150-3 k values of xx which satisfy the inequality, hence the number of solutions in this case is k=149(1503k)=150492=3675\sum_{k=1}^{49}(150-3 k)=\frac{150 \cdot 49}{2}=3675 - If yy is odd, then y=2k1y=2 k-1 for 1k501 \leq k \leq 50. Fixing yy, there are exactly 3026k2=1513k\frac{302-6 k}{2}=151-3 k values of xx which satisfy the inequality, hence the number of solutions in this case is k=150(1513k)=149502=3725\sum_{k=1}^{50}(151-3 k)=\frac{149 \cdot 50}{2}=3725 The final answer is 3675+3725=74003675+3725=7400.

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.