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HMMT February

Algebra Difficulty 4.7 AIME Find the answer

Find the integer closest to 154+14−54−14\frac{1}{\sqrt[4]{5^{4}+1}-\sqrt[4]{5^{4}-1}}

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

Let x=(54+1)1/4x=\left(5^{4}+1\right)^{1 / 4} and y=(54−1)1/4y=\left(5^{4}-1\right)^{1 / 4}. Note that xx and yy are both approximately 5. We have 1x−y=(x+y)(x2+y2)(x−y)(x+y)(x2+y2)=(x+y)(x2+y2)x4−y4=(x+y)(x2+y2)2≈(5+5)(52+52)2=250\frac{1}{x-y} =\frac{(x+y)\left(x^{2}+y^{2}\right)}{(x-y)(x+y)\left(x^{2}+y^{2}\right)}=\frac{(x+y)\left(x^{2}+y^{2}\right)}{x^{4}-y^{4}} =\frac{(x+y)\left(x^{2}+y^{2}\right)}{2} \approx \frac{(5+5)\left(5^{2}+5^{2}\right)}{2}=250

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