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Algebra Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Find the answer

Let f:R+Rf: \mathbb{R}^{+} \rightarrow \mathbb{R} be a continuous function satisfying f(xy)=f(x)+f(y)+1f(x y)=f(x)+f(y)+1 for all positive reals x,yx, y. If f(2)=0f(2)=0, compute f(2015)f(2015).

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Let g(x)=f(x)+1g(x)=f(x)+1. Substituting gg into the functional equation, we get that g(xy)1=g(x)1+g(y)1+1g(xy)=g(x)+g(y)\begin{gathered} g(x y)-1=g(x)-1+g(y)-1+1 \\ g(x y)=g(x)+g(y) \end{gathered} Also, g(2)=1g(2)=1. Now substitute x=ex,y=eyx=e^{x^{\prime}}, y=e^{y^{\prime}}, which is possible because x,yR+x, y \in \mathbb{R}^{+}. Then set h(x)=g(ex)h(x)=g\left(e^{x}\right). This gives us that g(ex+y)=g(ex)+g(ey)h(x+y)=h(x)+h(y)g\left(e^{x^{\prime}+y^{\prime}}\right)=g\left(e^{x^{\prime}}\right)+g\left(e^{y^{\prime}}\right) \Longrightarrow h\left(x^{\prime}+y^{\prime}\right)=h\left(x^{\prime}\right)+h\left(y^{\prime}\right) for al x,yRx^{\prime}, y^{\prime} \in \mathbb{R}. Also hh is continuous. Therefore, by Cauchy's functional equation, h(x)=cxh(x)=c x for a real number c. Going all the way back to gg, we can get that g(x)=clogxg(x)=c \log x. Since g(2)=1,c=1log2g(2)=1, c=\frac{1}{\log 2}. Therefore, g(2015)=clog2015=log2015log2=log22015g(2015)=c \log 2015=\frac{\log 2015}{\log 2}=\log _{2} 2015. Finally, f(2015)=g(2015)1=log220151f(2015)=g(2015)-1=\log _{2} 2015-1.

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