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Geometry Difficulty 5.2 AIME, harder Find the answer

Let ABC\triangle A B C be an acute triangle, with MM being the midpoint of BC\overline{B C}, such that AM=BCA M=B C. Let DD and EE be the intersection of the internal angle bisectors of AMB\angle A M B and AMC\angle A M C with ABA B and ACA C, respectively. Find the ratio of the area of DME\triangle D M E to the area of ABC\triangle A B C.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Let [XYZ][X Y Z] denote the area of XYZ\triangle X Y Z. Solution 1: Let AM=A M=\ell, let DE=dD E=d, and let the midpoint of DE\overline{D E} be FF. Since ADAB=AEAC=23\frac{A D}{A B}=\frac{A E}{A C}=\frac{2}{3} by the angle bisector theorem, FF lies on AM\overline{A M} and ADE\triangle A D E is similar to ABC\triangle A B C. Note that DME\angle D M E is formed by angle bisectors of AMB\angle A M B and AMC\angle A M C, which add up to 180180^{\circ}. Thus DME\angle D M E is right, so both DMF\triangle D M F and EMF\triangle E M F are isosceles. This implies that FM=d2F M=\frac{d}{2}. Applying the similarity between ADE\triangle A D E and ABC\triangle A B C, we get d=ADAB=23\frac{d}{\ell}=\frac{A D}{A B}=\frac{2}{3}. Since AF=2FM,[ADE]=2[DME]A F=2 F M,[A D E]=2[D M E]. Finally, since [ADE][ABC]=49,[DME][ABC]=1249=29\frac{[A D E]}{[A B C]}=\frac{4}{9}, \frac{[D M E]}{[A B C]}=\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{4}{9}=\frac{2}{9}. Solution 2: We compute the ratio [DME][ABC]\frac{[D M E]}{[A B C]} by finding 1[ADE][ABC][DBM][ABC][EMC][ABC]1-\frac{[A D E]}{[A B C]}-\frac{[D B M]}{[A B C]}-\frac{[E M C]}{[A B C]}. Since ADDB=\frac{A D}{D B}= AEEC=AM12BC=2\frac{A E}{E C}=\frac{A M}{\frac{1}{2} B C}=2 by the angle bisector theorem, we see that [ADE][ABC]=(23)(23)=49\frac{[A D E]}{[A B C]}=\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)=\frac{4}{9}. Also, since BM=CM=12BC,[DBM][ABC]=(13)(12)=16B M=C M=\frac{1}{2} B C, \frac{[D B M]}{[A B C]}=\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)=\frac{1}{6}, and [EMC][ABC]=(12)(13)=16\frac{[E M C]}{[A B C]}=\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)=\frac{1}{6}. Thus, [DME][ABC]=1[ADE][ABC]\frac{[D M E]}{[A B C]}=1-\frac{[A D E]}{[A B C]}- [DBM][ABC][EMC][ABC]=1491616=29\frac{[D B M]}{[A B C]}-\frac{[E M C]}{[A B C]}=1-\frac{4}{9}-\frac{1}{6}-\frac{1}{6}=\frac{2}{9}.

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.