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Geometry Difficulty 5.2 AIME, harder Find the answer

In acute triangle ABCA B C, let D,ED, E, and FF be the feet of the altitudes from A,BA, B, and CC respectively, and let L,ML, M, and NN be the midpoints of BC,CAB C, C A, and ABA B, respectively. Lines DED E and NLN L intersect at XX, lines DFD F and LML M intersect at YY, and lines XYX Y and BCB C intersect at ZZ. Find ZBZC\frac{Z B}{Z C} in terms of AB,ACA B, A C, and BCB C.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Because NLACN L \| A C we have triangles DXLD X L and DECD E C are similar. From angle chasing, we also have that triangle DECD E C is similar to triangle ABCA B C. We have XNA=180XNB=180LNB=180CAB=LMA\angle X N A=180^{\circ}-\angle X N B=180^{\circ}-\angle L N B=180-C A B=\angle L M A. In addition, we have NXNA=XDXEXLNA=ABBCXELCNMNA=ABBCEDDCBCAB=EDDC=ABAC=MLMA\frac{N X}{N A}=\frac{X D \cdot X E}{X L \cdot N A}=\frac{A B}{B C} \frac{X E}{L C} \frac{N M}{N A}=\frac{A B}{B C} \frac{E D}{D C} \frac{B C}{A B}=\frac{E D}{D C}=\frac{A B}{A C}=\frac{M L}{M A}. These two statements mean that triangles ANXA N X and AMLA M L are similar, and XAB=XAN=LAM=LAC\angle X A B=\angle X A N=\angle L A M=\angle L A C. Similarly, XAY=LAC\angle X A Y=\angle L A C, making A,XA, X, and YY collinear, with YAB=XAB=LAC\angle Y A B=\angle X A B=\angle L A C; ie. line AXYA X Y is a symmedian of triangle ABCA B C. Then ZBZC=ABACsinZABsinZAC=ABACsinLACsinLAB\frac{Z B}{Z C}=\frac{A B}{A C} \frac{\sin \angle Z A B}{\sin \angle Z A C}=\frac{A B}{A C} \frac{\sin \angle L A C}{\sin \angle L A B}, by the ratio lemma. But using the ratio lemma, 1=LBLC=ABACsinLABsinLAC1=\frac{L B}{L C}=\frac{A B}{A C} \frac{\sin \angle L A B}{\sin \angle L A C}, so sinLACsinLAB=ABAC\frac{\sin \angle L A C}{\sin \angle L A B}=\frac{A B}{A C}, so ZBZC=AB2AC2\frac{Z B}{Z C}=\frac{A B^{2}}{A C^{2}}.

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.