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Algebra Difficulty 5.3 AIME, harder Find the answer

There exist several solutions to the equation 1+sinxsin4x=sin3xsin2x1+\frac{\sin x}{\sin 4 x}=\frac{\sin 3 x}{\sin 2 x} where xx is expressed in degrees and 0<x<1800^{\circ}<x<180^{\circ}. Find the sum of all such solutions.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

We first apply sum-to-product and product-to-sum: sin4x+sinxsin4x=sin3xsin2x\frac{\sin 4 x+\sin x}{\sin 4 x}=\frac{\sin 3 x}{\sin 2 x}. 2sin(2.5x)cos(1.5x)sin(2x)=sin(4x)sin(3x)2 \sin (2.5 x) \cos (1.5 x) \sin (2 x)=\sin (4 x) \sin (3 x). Factoring out sin(2x)=0\sin (2 x)=0, sin(2.5x)cos(1.5x)=cos(2x)sin(3x)\sin (2.5 x) \cos (1.5 x)=\cos (2 x) \sin (3 x). Factoring out cos(1.5x)=0\cos (1.5 x)=0 (which gives us 6060^{\circ} as a solution), sin(2.5x)=2cos(2x)sin(1.5x)\sin (2.5 x)=2 \cos (2 x) \sin (1.5 x). Convert into complex numbers, we get (x3.5x3.5)(x0.5x0.5)=(x2.5x2.5)\left(x^{3.5}-x^{-3.5}\right)-\left(x^{0.5}-x^{-0.5}\right)=\left(x^{2.5}-x^{-2.5}\right). x7x6x4+x3+x1=0x^{7}-x^{6}-x^{4}+x^{3}+x-1=0. (x1)(x6x3+1)=0(x-1)\left(x^{6}-x^{3}+1\right)=0. We recognize the latter expression as x9+1x3+1\frac{x^{9}+1}{x^{3}+1}, giving us x=0,20,100,140,220,260,340x=0^{\circ}, 20^{\circ}, 100^{\circ}, 140^{\circ}, 220^{\circ}, 260^{\circ}, 340^{\circ}. The sum of the solutions is 20+60+100+140=32020^{\circ}+60^{\circ}+100^{\circ}+140^{\circ}=320^{\circ}.

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