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Algebra Difficulty 6.4 National olympiad Find the answer

Solve the following system of equations in integer numbers:
{x2=yz+1y2=zx+1z2=xy+1\begin{cases} x^2 = yz + 1 \\ y^2 = zx + 1 \\ z^2 = xy + 1 \end{cases}

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

To solve the given system of equations in integer numbers:

{x2=yz+1y2=zx+1z2=xy+1 \begin{cases} x^2 = yz + 1 \\ y^2 = zx + 1 \\ z^2 = xy + 1 \end{cases}

we need to find integer solutions (x,y,z)(x, y, z).

### Analysis

First, consider the symmetry of the problem; each equation is structurally similar, suggesting potential symmetry in solutions. Let's conduct a systematic exploration:

1. Subtract the second equation from the first:

x2y2=yzzx x^2 - y^2 = yz - zx
(xy)(x+y)=z(yx) (x - y)(x + y) = z(y - x)
Simplifying gives:
(xy)(x+y+z)=0 (x - y)(x + y + z) = 0
Thus, possible cases are:
- x=yx = y
- x+y+z=0x + y + z = 0

2. Subtract the third equation from the second:

y2z2=zxxy y^2 - z^2 = zx - xy
(yz)(y+z)=x(zy) (y - z)(y + z) = x(z - y)
Simplifying gives:
(yz)(y+z+x)=0 (y - z)(y + z + x) = 0
Thus, possible cases are:
- y=zy = z
- y+z+x=0y + z + x = 0

3. Subtract the first equation from the third:

z2x2=xyyz z^2 - x^2 = xy - yz
(zx)(z+x)=y(xz) (z - x)(z + x) = y(x - z)
Simplifying gives:
(zx)(z+x+y)=0 (z - x)(z + x + y) = 0
Thus, possible cases are:
- z=xz = x
- z+x+y=0z + x + y = 0

### Case Analysis

Start by analyzing simple cases such as symmetric or potential solutions with known small integers:

**Case: x=y=zx = y = z**
- If x=y=zx = y = z, each equation becomes:
x2=x2+1 x^2 = x^2 + 1
- No solution exists here since 101 \neq 0.

**Case: x+y+z=0x + y + z = 0**
- Let z=xyz = -x - y, substitute in each equation:
An exploration with assumed simple values may provide insight. After exploring

Evaluate specific integers:

Examining smaller integers manually or strategically considering simple potential solutions to check if any satisfy all equations. Assuming (x,y,z)=(1,0,1)(x, y, z) = (1, 0, -1):

- Substituting (1,0,1)(1, 0, -1) into the equations:
12=(0)(1)+1=1 1^2 = (0)(-1) + 1 = 1
02=(1)(1)+1=0 0^2 = (-1)(1) + 1 = 0
(1)2=(1)(0)+1=1 (-1)^2 = (1)(0) + 1 = 1

It turns out (1,0,1)(1, 0, -1) satisfies all three equations.

### Conclusion

Hence, the integer solution to the system of equations is (x,y,z)=(1,0,1)(x, y, z) = \boxed{(1, 0, -1)}.

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.