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Algebra Difficulty 5.1 AIME, harder Find the answer

Given that a,b,ca, b, c are integers with abc=60a b c=60, and that complex number ω1\omega \neq 1 satisfies ω3=1\omega^{3}=1, find the minimum possible value of a+bω+cω2\left|a+b \omega+c \omega^{2}\right|.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Since ω3=1\omega^{3}=1, and ω1,ω\omega \neq 1, \omega is a third root of unity. For any complex number z,z2=zzˉz,|z|^{2}=z \cdot \bar{z}. Letting z=a+bω+cω2z=a+b \omega+c \omega^{2}, we find that zˉ=a+cω+bω2\bar{z}=a+c \omega+b \omega^{2}, and z2=a2+abω+acω2+abω2+b2+bcω+acω+bcω2+c2=(a2+b2+c2)+(ab+bc+ca)(ω)+(ab+bc+ca)(ω2)=(a2+b2+c2)(ab+bc+ca)=12((ab)2+(bc)2+(ca)2)|z|^{2} =a^{2}+a b \omega+a c \omega^{2}+a b \omega^{2}+b^{2}+b c \omega+a c \omega+b c \omega^{2}+c^{2} =\left(a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}\right)+(a b+b c+c a)(\omega)+(a b+b c+c a)\left(\omega^{2}\right) =\left(a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}\right)-(a b+b c+c a) =\frac{1}{2}\left((a-b)^{2}+(b-c)^{2}+(c-a)^{2}\right) where we have used the fact that ω3=1\omega^{3}=1 and that ω+ω2=1\omega+\omega^{2}=-1. This quantity is minimized when a,ba, b, and cc are as close to each other as possible, making a=3,b=4,c=5a=3, b=4, c=5 the optimal choice, giving z2=3|z|^{2}=3. (A smaller value of z|z| requires two of a,b,ca, b, c to be equal and the third differing from them by at most 2, which is impossible.) So zmin=3|z|_{\min }=\sqrt{3}.

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.