Given that a,b,c are integers with abc=60, and that complex number ω=1 satisfies ω3=1, find the minimum possible value of a+bω+cω2.
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Solution
Since ω3=1, and ω=1,ω is a third root of unity. For any complex number z,∣z∣2=z⋅zˉ. Letting z=a+bω+cω2, we find that zˉ=a+cω+bω2, and ∣z∣2=a2+abω+acω2+abω2+b2+bcω+acω+bcω2+c2=(a2+b2+c2)+(ab+bc+ca)(ω)+(ab+bc+ca)(ω2)=(a2+b2+c2)−(ab+bc+ca)=21((a−b)2+(b−c)2+(c−a)2) where we have used the fact that ω3=1 and that ω+ω2=−1. This quantity is minimized when a,b, and c are as close to each other as possible, making a=3,b=4,c=5 the optimal choice, giving ∣z∣2=3. (A smaller value of ∣z∣ requires two of a,b,c to be equal and the third differing from them by at most 2, which is impossible.) So ∣z∣min=3.
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