Compute the number of ways to select 99 cells of a square grid such that no two selected cells share an edge or vertex.
Solution
We claim the number of ways to select such cells from a grid is exactly , which implies the answer to this question is 1000 . Partition the board into regions, as pictured. Also, shade red every cell in an odd row and column red, so there are red cells. Say a region is blank if it has no selected cell; normal if the selected cell is red; up-wack if the selected cell is above the red cell; and right-wack if the selected cell is to the right of the red cell. Note a region could be both up-wack and right-wack. The key idea is that we have at most one blank region, which restricts things significantly. We have two cases: - Case 1: no wack regions. Then we pick a region to be blank, of which we have choices. - Case 2: some wack region. Note that (1) any region directly above an up-wack region must be either blank or up-wack; and (2) any region directly to the right of a right-wack region must be either blank or right-wack. In particular, there is at most one wack region (and we cannot have any up-wack and right-wack regions), since every wack region corresponds to at least one blank region. Suppose some region is up-wack. There are columns that could contain this up-wack region, and ways to pick an up-wack region and, optionally, a blank region above it. Similarly, there are cases if there is some up-wack region, for a total of choices. In total, we have possibilities, as desired.