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Geometry Difficulty 5.3 AIME, harder Find the answer

Let Γ\Gamma denote the circumcircle of triangle ABCA B C. Point DD is on AB\overline{A B} such that CD\overline{C D} bisects ACB\angle A C B. Points PP and QQ are on Γ\Gamma such that PQ\overline{P Q} passes through DD and is perpendicular to CD\overline{C D}. Compute PQP Q, given that BC=20,CA=80,AB=65B C=20, C A=80, A B=65.

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

Suppose that PP lies between AA and BB and QQ lies between AA and CC, and let line PQP Q intersect lines ACA C and BCB C at EE and FF respectively. As usual, we write a,b,ca, b, c for the lengths of BC,CA,ABB C, C A, A B. By the angle bisector theorem, AD/DB=AC/CBA D / D B=A C / C B so that AD=bca+bA D=\frac{b c}{a+b} and BD=aca+bB D=\frac{a c}{a+b}. Now by Stewart's theorem, cCD2+(aca+b)(bca+b)c=c \cdot C D^{2}+\left(\frac{a c}{a+b}\right)\left(\frac{b c}{a+b}\right) c= a2bca+b+ab2ca+b\frac{a^{2} b c}{a+b}+\frac{a b^{2} c}{a+b} from which CD2=ab((a+b)2c2)(a+b)2C D^{2}=\frac{a b\left((a+b)^{2}-c^{2}\right)}{(a+b)^{2}}. Now observe that triangles CDEC D E and CDFC D F are congruent, so ED=DFE D=D F. By Menelaus' theorem, CAAEEDDFFBBC=1\frac{C A}{A E} \frac{E D}{D F} \frac{F B}{B C}=1 so that CABC=AEFB\frac{C A}{B C}=\frac{A E}{F B}. Since CF=CEC F=C E while b>ab>a, it follows that AE=b(ba)a+bA E=\frac{b(b-a)}{a+b} so that EC=2aba+bE C=\frac{2 a b}{a+b}. Finally, DE=CE2CD2=ab(c2(ab)2)a+bD E=\sqrt{C E^{2}-C D^{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{a b\left(c^{2}-(a-b)^{2}\right)}}{a+b}. Plugging in a=20,b=80,c=65a=20, b=80, c=65, we see that AE=48,EC=32,DE=10A E=48, E C=32, D E=10 as well as AD=52,BD=13A D=52, B D=13. Now let PD=x,QE=yP D=x, Q E=y. By power of a point about DD and EE, we have x(y+10)=676x(y+10)=676 and y(x+10)=1536y(x+10)=1536. Subtracting one from the other, we see that y=x+86y=x+86. Therefore, x2+96x676=0x^{2}+96 x-676=0, from which x=48+2745x=-48+2 \sqrt{745}. Finally, PQ=x+y+10=4745P Q=x+y+10=4 \sqrt{745}.

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.