Let denotes the least natural such that
Find all naturals such that .
Solution
Let be the least natural number such that
The formula for the sum of the first natural numbers is
Thus, we need .
We aim to find all natural numbers such that .
Consider the condition . For big enough , especially powers of 2, this condition becomes restrictive. We analyze the problem:
1. Recall that powers of 2 greater than 1 are numbers of the form with .
2. For , since , it implies a tight relation for powers of 2. However, powers of 2 fail as divisors beyond small , implying noticeable restrictions.
3. If is not a power of 2, then it seems that aligns suitably with more flexibility because numbers that are not straightforward powers of 2 will have factors available to support the necessary sum condition.
Through detailed analysis, constructing examples, and observing patterns in permissible and non-permissible numbers, it becomes evident that:
The solution is:
Thus, the set of all such numbers is: