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Algebra Difficulty 5.6 AIME, harder Find the answer

Find the value of 132+1+142+2+152+3+\frac{1}{3^{2}+1}+\frac{1}{4^{2}+2}+\frac{1}{5^{2}+3}+\cdots.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Each term takes the form 1n2+(n2)=1(n+2)(n1)\frac{1}{n^{2}+(n-2)}=\frac{1}{(n+2) \cdot(n-1)} Using the method of partial fractions, we can write (for some constants A,BA, B ) 1(n+2)(n1)=A(n+2)+B(n1)1=A(n1)+B(n+2)\begin{gathered} \frac{1}{(n+2) \cdot(n-1)}=\frac{A}{(n+2)}+\frac{B}{(n-1)} \\ \Rightarrow 1=A \cdot(n-1)+B \cdot(n+2) \end{gathered} Setting n=1n=1 we get B=13B=\frac{1}{3}, and similarly with n=2n=-2 we get A=13A=-\frac{1}{3}. Hence the sum becomes 13[(1215)+(1316)+(1417)+(1518)+]\frac{1}{3} \cdot\left[\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{5}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{6}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{7}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{8}\right)+\cdots\right] Thus, it telescopes, and the only terms that do not cancel produce a sum of 13(12+13+14)=1336\frac{1}{3} \cdot\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}\right)=\frac{13}{36}.

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.