I have 8 unit cubes of different colors, which I want to glue together into a cube. How many distinct cubes can I make? Rotations of the same cube are not considered distinct, but reflections are.
Solution
Our goal is to first pin down the cube, so it can't rotate. Without loss of generality, suppose one of the unit cubes is purple, and let the purple cube be in the top left front position. Now, look at the three positions that share a face with the purple cube. There are ways to pick the three cubes that fill those positions and two ways to position them that are rotationally distinct. Now, we've taken care of any possible rotations, so there are simply 4 ! ways to position the final four cubes. Thus, our answer is ways.
Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track
puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.