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Geometry Difficulty 5.2 AIME, harder Find the answer

ABCDA B C D is a cyclic quadrilateral in which AB=4,BC=3,CD=2A B=4, B C=3, C D=2, and AD=5A D=5. Diagonals ACA C and BDB D intersect at XX. A circle ω\omega passes through AA and is tangent to BDB D at X.ωX . \omega intersects ABA B and ADA D at YY and ZZ respectively. Compute YZ/BDY Z / B D.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Denote the lengths AB,BC,CDA B, B C, C D, and DAD A by a,b,ca, b, c, and dd respectively. Because ABCDA B C D is cyclic, ABXDCX\triangle A B X \sim \triangle D C X and ADXBCX\triangle A D X \sim \triangle B C X. It follows that AXDX=BXCX=ac\frac{A X}{D X}=\frac{B X}{C X}=\frac{a}{c} and AXBX=DXCX=db\frac{A X}{B X}=\frac{D X}{C X}=\frac{d}{b}. Therefore we may write AX=adk,BX=abk,CX=bckA X=a d k, B X=a b k, C X=b c k, and DX=cdkD X=c d k for some kk. Now, XDC=BAX=YXB\angle X D C=\angle B A X=\angle Y X B and DCX=XBY\angle D C X=\angle X B Y, so BXYCDX\triangle B X Y \sim \triangle C D X. Thus, XY=X Y= DXBXCD=abdk2D X \cdot \frac{B X}{C D}=a b d k^{2}. Analogously, XY=acdk2X Y=a c d k^{2}. Note that XY/XZ=CB/CDX Y / X Z=C B / C D. Since YXZ=πZAYc=BCD\angle Y X Z=\pi-\angle Z A \stackrel{c}{Y}=\angle B C D, we have that XYZCBD\triangle X Y Z \sim \triangle C B D. Thus, YZ/BD=XY/CB=adk2Y Z / B D=X Y / C B=a d k^{2}. Finally, Ptolemy's theorem applied to ABCDA B C D gives (ad+bc)k(ab+cd)k=ac+bd(a d+b c) k \cdot(a b+c d) k=a c+b d It follows that the answer is ad(ac+bd)(ab+cd)(ad+bc)=20232226=115143\frac{a d(a c+b d)}{(a b+c d)(a d+b c)}=\frac{20 \cdot 23}{22 \cdot 26}=\frac{115}{143}

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.