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Geometry Difficulty 4.9 AIME Find the answer

Triangle PQR\triangle P Q R, with PQ=PR=5P Q=P R=5 and QR=6Q R=6, is inscribed in circle ω\omega. Compute the radius of the circle with center on QR\overline{Q R} which is tangent to both ω\omega and PQ\overline{P Q}.

A number or a short expression. Fractions can be typed as 3/2, and spacing doesn't matter.

Solution

Solution 1: Denote the second circle by γ\gamma. Let TT and rr be the center and radius of γ\gamma, respectively, and let XX and HH be the tangency points of γ\gamma with ω\omega and PQ\overline{P Q}, respectively. Let OO be the center of ω\omega, and let MM be the midpoint of QR\overline{Q R}. Note that QM=MR=12QR=3Q M=M R=\frac{1}{2} Q R=3, so PMQ\triangle P M Q and PMR\triangle P M R are 3-4-5 triangles. Since QHTQMP\triangle Q H T \sim \triangle Q M P and HT=rH T=r, we get QT=54rQ T=\frac{5}{4} r. Then TM=QMQT=354rT M=Q M-Q T=3-\frac{5}{4} r. By the extended law of sines, the circumradius of PQR\triangle P Q R is OP=PR2sinPQR=52(4/5)=258O P=\frac{P R}{2 \sin \angle P Q R}=\frac{5}{2(4 / 5)}=\frac{25}{8}, so OM=MPOP=4258=78O M=M P-O P=4-\frac{25}{8}=\frac{7}{8}. Also, we have OT=OXXT=258rO T=O X-X T=\frac{25}{8}-r. Therefore, by the Pythagorean theorem, (354r)2+(78)2=(258r)2\left(3-\frac{5}{4} r\right)^{2}+\left(\frac{7}{8}\right)^{2}=\left(\frac{25}{8}-r\right)^{2} This simplifies to 916r254r=0\frac{9}{16} r^{2}-\frac{5}{4} r=0, so r=54169=209r=\frac{5}{4} \cdot \frac{16}{9}=\frac{20}{9}.

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.