Maths Olympiad Prep

Library / /196 of 348

Algebra Difficulty 4.9 AIME Find the answer

Determine the number of integers DD such that whenever aa and bb are both real numbers with 1/4<a,b<1/4-1 / 4<a, b<1 / 4, then a2Db2<1\left|a^{2}-D b^{2}\right|<1.

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

We have 1<a2Db2<1a21b2<D<a2+1b2-1<a^{2}-D b^{2}<1 \Rightarrow \frac{a^{2}-1}{b^{2}}<D<\frac{a^{2}+1}{b^{2}} We have a21b2\frac{a^{2}-1}{b^{2}} is maximal at 15=.2521.252-15=\frac{.25^{2}-1}{.25^{2}} and a2+1b2\frac{a^{2}+1}{b^{2}} is minimal at 02+1.252=16\frac{0^{2}+1}{.25^{2}}=16. However, since we cannot have a,b=±.25a, b= \pm .25, checking border cases of -15 and 16 shows that both of these values are possible for DD. Hence, 15D16-15 \leq D \leq 16, so there are 32 possible values of DD.

Want a route through all this instead of an archive? The track puts 2,000 problems in a working order, from AMC 10 level to the IMO shortlist.

Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.