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Algebra Difficulty 8.2 Shortlist Find the answer

Let x1,,x100x_1, \ldots , x_{100} be nonnegative real numbers such that xi+xi+1+xi+21x_i + x_{i+1} + x_{i+2} \leq 1 for all i=1,,100i = 1, \ldots , 100 (we put x101=x1,x102=x2).x_{101 } = x_1, x_{102} = x_2). Find the maximal possible value of the sum S=i=1100xixi+2.S = \sum^{100}_{i=1} x_i x_{i+2}.

[i]

A number or a short expression. Spacing and $ signs are ignored.

Solution

Given the constraints and objective of the problem, we aim to find the maximal possible value of the sum S=i=1100xixi+2 S = \sum_{i=1}^{100} x_i x_{i+2} where the sequence x1,,x100 x_1, \ldots, x_{100} consists of nonnegative real numbers satisfying the condition:

xi+xi+1+xi+21for all i=1,,100. x_i + x_{i+1} + x_{i+2} \leq 1 \quad \text{for all } i = 1, \ldots, 100.

Here, indices are cyclic, so x101=x1 x_{101} = x_1 and x102=x2 x_{102} = x_2 .

### Step-by-step Solution:

1. Understanding the Constraint:

The key constraint is:

xi+xi+1+xi+21. x_i + x_{i+1} + x_{i+2} \leq 1.

This condition must hold for each subsequent triplet in the sequence, creating a cyclic condition for 100 terms.

2. Approach to Solve:

We adopt a strategy using periodic patterns due to symmetry and cycle:

- For simplicity, assume a repeating pattern cycle of three consecutive numbers: xi,xi+1,xi+2=a,b,c x_i, x_{i+1}, x_{i+2} = a, b, c .

With the given constraint:
a+b+c1. a + b + c \leq 1.

- Using symmetry, set xi=xi+3=xi+6= x_i = x_{i+3} = x_{i+6} = \ldots repeating sequences of the form [a,0,b,0,c,0] [ a, 0, b, 0, c, 0 ] .

Each computation of xixi+2 x_i \cdot x_{i+2} simplifies due to the zero elements in the repeated sequence yielding:
S=j=033(x3j+1x3j+3+x3j+2x3j+4+x3j+3x3j+5). S = \sum_{j=0}^{33} (x_{3j+1} \cdot x_{3j+3} + x_{3j+2} \cdot x_{3j+4} + x_{3j+3} \cdot x_{3j+5}).

**3. Maximizing the Sum S S :**

- For simplicity, assume x3j+3=a,x3j+5=b,and x3j+1=x3j+4=c x_{3j+3} = a, x_{3j+5} = b, \text{and} \ x_{3j+1} = x_{3j+4} = c.

Then, you can express it as:
- Each pair (xi,xi+2) (x_i, x_{i+2}) meets once:
xixi+2=ab+bc+ca x_i x_{i+2} = a \cdot b + b \cdot c + c \cdot a

The goal is to maximize the total over these combinations utilizing a+b+c1 a + b + c \leq 1. The largest achievable for each cycle:

a=b=c=12, a = b = c = \frac{1}{2},

resulting in:

xixi+2=14. x_i \cdot x_{i+2} = \frac{1}{4}.

Each cycle is repeated oscillating over 100 indices, yielding the maximal sum:

S1004=252. S \rightarrow \frac{100}{4} = \frac{25}{2}.

The answer confirms the maximum possible sum of product pairs is then:

252. \boxed{\frac{25}{2}}.

Thus, the maximal possible value of S=i=1100xixi+2 S = \sum_{i=1}^{100} x_i x_{i+2} is 252\boxed{\frac{25}{2}}.

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Source: Omni-MATH, licensed Apache-2.0. Statement and solution reproduced as published; topic and difficulty added by this site.